LOCATION KRAUSE MTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Andic Haplustepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Krause gravelly ashy silt loam, forested. (colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).
Oi--0 to 1 inch; undecomposed and slightly decomposed forest litter. (1 to 2 inches thick)
A--1 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly ashy silt loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots; volcanic ash component; 15 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 3 inches thick)
Bw--3 to 14 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) gravelly ashy silt loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, fine, medium and coarse roots; 5 percent cobbles, 15 percent pebbles; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary. (7 to 11 inches thick)
2E/Bw--14 to 32 inches; E part (80 percent) is light gray (10YR 7/2) extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist, B part (20 percent) is yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) extremely gravelly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine, fine, medium and coarse roots; 15 percent cobbles, 55 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 40 inches thick)
2C--32 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine, fine, medium and coarse roots; 20 percent cobbles, 55 percent pebbles; moderately acid (pH 6.0).
TYPE LOCATION: Sanders County, Montana: 1,000 feet south and 1,200 feet east of the northwest corner of section 19, T. 21 N., R. 25 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil temperature - 44 to 47 degrees F.
Moisture control section - between 12 and 35 inches.
A horizon - Value: 4 or 5 dry
Chroma: 1, 2, or 3
Clay content: 7 to 12 percent
Rock fragments: 5 to 60 percent (0 to 5 percent stones, 0 to 20 percent cobbles, 10 to 30 percent pebbles)
Acid oxalate extractable Al + 1/2 Fe: 1 to 2 percent
Moist bulk density: 1.00 g/cc or less
Reaction: pH 5.6 to 7.3
Bw horizon - Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 6 or 7 dry
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: ashy loam, ashy silt loam
Clay content: 7 to 12 percent
Rock fragments: 5 to 55 percent (0 to 5 percent stones, 0 to 20 percent cobbles, 5 to 30 percent pebbles)
Acid oxalate extractable Al + 1/2 Fe: 1 to 2 percent
Moist bulk density: 1.00 g/cc or less
Reaction: pH 5.6 to 7.3
2E/Bw horizon - Value: E part: 6 or 7 dry, B part: 5 or 6 dry
Chroma: E part: 2 or 3, B part: 3 or 4
Texture: sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand
Clay content: 2 to 10 percent
Rock fragments: 50 to 75 percent (5 to 15 percent cobbles, 45 to 60 percent pebbles)
Reaction: pH 5.6 to 7.3
2C horizon - Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sand
Clay content: 0 to 10 percent
Rock fragments: 50 to 85 percent (10 to 25 percent cobbles, 40 to 60 percent pebbles)
Reaction: pH 5.6 to 7.3
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - stream terraces, escarpments and alluvial fans.
Elevation - 2,500 to 4,500 feet.
Slope - 0 to 60 percent.
Parent material - volcanic ash over alluvium.
Climate - long, cold winters; moist springs; and warm summers.
Mean annual precipitation - 15 to 30 inches, much of which falls as snow and spring rain.
Mean annual temperature - 42 to 45 degrees F.
Frost-free period - 70 to 105 days.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Excessively drained, rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Krause soils are used for timber production, understory grazing, and wildlife habitat. The native vegetation is coniferous forest consisting of Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, western larch, lodgepole pine and grand fir with an understory of pinegrass, elk sedge, mallow ninebark, and white spirea.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Krause soils are of moderate extent in western Montana.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Flathead County, Montana, 1958.
REMARKS: Soil Interpretation Record: MT0652. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: an ochric epipedon from the mineral soil surface to 7 inches (A, Bw horizons); ash influenced layers from 1 to 14 inches (A, Bw horizons); a particle-size control section from 10 to 40 inches below the mineral soil surface (Bw, 2E/Bw, 2C horizons). Krause soils have a frigid temperature regime and an ustic moisture regime.
ADDITIONAL DATA: NSSL S91MT-089-001