LOCATION KREMLIN MT+ND SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Haplustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Kremlin loam, in cropland (colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).
Ap--0 to 6 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate fine granular structure; soft, very friable, sticky and plastic; many fine and very fine roots; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
A2--6 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable, sticky and plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine pores; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
Bw--11 to 19 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, sticky and plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine pores; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary. (4 to 9 inches thick)
Bk1--19 to 31 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine pores; few fine masses of lime; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear smooth boundary. (3 to 38 inches thick)
Bk2--31 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; common very fine roots; common very fine pores; common fine masses of lime; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual boundary. (0 to 40 inches thick)
TYPE LOCATION: Hill County, Montana; 1,000 feet south and 1,700 feet east of the NW corner of sec. 23, T. 30 N., R. 10 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil temperature - 41 to 47 degrees F.
Moisture control section - between 4 and 12 inches; dry in some part six-tenths or more of the cumulative days per year when the soil temperature at a depth of 20 inches is 41 degrees F or higher.
Mollic epipedon thickness - 7 to 15 inches; in some pedons it includes all or only the upper part of the Bw1 horizon.
Depth to Bk horizon - 10 to 24 inches.
A BC horizon and thin stratification of fine sandy loam and clay loam are allowed below a depth of 40 inches.
Soil phases - calcareous.
Ap horizon - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loam, silt loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or fine sandy loam
Clay content: 18 to 32 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent pebbles
Effervescence: none to strongly
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 15 percent for calcareous phase
Reaction: pH 6.1 to 8.4; calcareous phase is 7.4 to 8.4
A2 horizon - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loam, silt loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam
Clay content: 18 to 32 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent pebbles
Effervescence: none to strongly
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 15 percent for calcareous phase
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 8.4; calcareous phase is 7.9 to 8.4
Bw horizon - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 2, 3 or 4
Texture: loam, silt loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam
Clay content: 18 to 32 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent pebbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 15 percent for the calcareous phase
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 8.4; calcareous phase is 7.9 to 8.4
Bk1 horizon - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist
Chroma: 2, 3 or 4
Texture: loam, silt loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam
Clay content: 18 to 32 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent pebbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 15 percent
Effervescence: strongly or violently
EC: 0 to 2 mmhos/cm
Reaction: pH 7.4 to 9.0; calcareous phase is 7.9 to 9.0
Bk2 horizon - Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y
Value: 6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist
Chroma: 2, 3, or 4
Texture: loam, silt loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam consisting of thin layers of different textures
Clay content: 18 to 32 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent pebbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 3 to 12 percent
Effervescence: strongly or violently
EC: 0 to 4 mmhos/cm
Reaction: pH 7.4 to 9.0; calcareous phase 7.9 to 9.0
COMPETING SERIES:
Anamac (MT) - does not have a cambic horizon; is at elevations over 4,000 feet.
Boxwell (MT) - has a paralithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
Conn (MT) - has a calcic horizon.
Diagulch (T)(UT) - has hues redder than 10YR throughout the profile.
Fortbenton (MT) - has a lithological discontinuity above 40 inches.
Littlemo (T)(ND) - has a discontinuity above 40 inches that has more than 15 percent coarse fragments.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - alluvial fans; stream terraces; sedimentary plains; till plains; drainageways; hills.
Elevation - 1,900 to 4,000 feet.
Slope- 0 to 25 percent.
Parent material - alluvium from mixed rock sources, semiconsolidated sedimentary bedrock, or from alluvium or glaciofluvial deposits.
Climate - long, cold winters; moist springs; warm summers.
Mean annual precipitation - 10 to 16 inches, most of which falls in the spring and in the early part of summer.
Mean annual air temperature - 39 to 45 degrees F.
Frost-free period - 105 to 135 days.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained, moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mainly used for nonirrigated crops. The potential native plant community is mainly bluebunch wheatgrass, western wheatgrass, green needlegrass, needleandthread, forbs, and shrubs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Kremlin soils are extensive in the plains area of Montana and North Dakota.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Bowman County, North Dakota, 1969.
REMARKS: Soil interpretations record: MT0069, MT1044, MT1099.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - from the soil surface to 8 inches (Ap, A2 horizons); cambic horizon - from 11 to 19 inches (Bw horizon); accumulation of lime - from 19 to 60 inches (Bk1, Bk2 horizons); particle-size control section - from 10 to 40 inches (Bw, Bk1, Bk2 horizons). Kremlin soils have a frigid temperature regime and an ustic moisture regime bordering on aridic.