LOCATION KINGSLEY MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Kingsley sandy loam with a convex slope of 20 percent in a terminal moraine in a mixed deciduous forest. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A1--0 to 3 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam, very dark gray (l0YR 3/l) dry; weak very fine granular structure; very friable; about 10 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear irregular boundary. (2 to 5 inches thick)
A2--3 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sandy loam, grayish brown (l0YR 5/2) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; about 10 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
E--7 to 14 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/2) loamy sand, pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; about 10 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
Bt1--14 to 25 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few thin clay films and thin nearly continuous coatings of clean sand particles on faces of peds; about 10 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--25 to 34 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate medium and coarse platy structure parting to moderate very fine subangular blocky; friable, hard and brittle; few thin clay films and coatings of clean sand and silt particles on faces of peds; about 10 percent gravel; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Bt horizon is 12 to 28 inches thick)
C--34 to 48 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate fine and medium platy structure; friable; few thin coatings of clean sand and silt particles on faces of peds in upper part; about 10 percent gravel; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Hennepin County, Minnesota; suburbs of the city of Bloomington; 2,640 feet north of the southwest corner of Sec. 16, T. 116 N., R. 21 W.; USGS Bloomington quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 51 minutes 17 seconds N. and long. 93 degrees 21 minutes 29 seconds W., NAD27
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to free carbonates ranges from 30 to 100 inches or more. The profile contains 2 to 15 percent by volume of rock fragments, most of which are igneous rocks.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. The E horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 2 through 4. The A and E horizons are fine sandy loam, sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, loam, loamy sand, or loamy coarse sand with the coarser textures commonly in the E horizon. They are slightly or moderately acid.
The Bt horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 3 to 6. Some pedons have 10YR hue in the upper part, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 4 to 6. It mostly is sandy loam or coarse sandy loam, but thin sandy clay loam, loamy sand, or loamy coarse sand subhorizons are in some pedons. It typically averages between 10 to 15 percent clay but ranges from 8 to 18 percent. It ranges from 55 to 70 percent fine sand and coarser material. B/A clay ratios are 1.5 to 2.0. It commonly is strongly or moderately acid and less commonly slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the lower part of some pedons. Some pedons have a thin BC horizon.
The C horizon typically has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, and value and chroma of 3 or 4, but thin strata with yellower hues are common. It is sandy loam or coarse sandy loam but thin, finer- or coarser-textured strata are common. It is friable or firm. It is moderately acid through slightly alkaline. It has less than 5 percent calcium carbonate equivalent.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Backbone, Bainter(T), Desker, Forkhorn(T), Billett, Oronoco, Pardeeville, Rusktown(T) and Ulster series. Backbone soils have bedrock beginning at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. Bainter(T), Desker, Forkhorn(T) and Rusktown(T) soils have sandy textures in the lower third of the series control section. Billett soils have formed in outwash and have loamy sand or sand C horizons. Oronoco soils formed in aeolian sediments and lack coarse fragments. Ulster soils have a lithologic discontinuity and stratified textures(eolian) in the lower third of the series control section. Pardeeville soils are not clearly separated at this time. Will need further study.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils are on convex slopes on complex undulating to steep moraines of Late Wisconsin age. Slopes range from 2 to 40 percent. The Kingsley soils formed in nonacid, reddish brown sandy loam till. Mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 48 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 26 to 30 inches. Frost free days range from 130 to 160. Elevations above sea level range from 1000 to 1300 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Burnsville, Chetek, Hayden, Salida, and Nymore soils are the main ones. Burnsville and Chetek soils are somewhat excessively drained, and Salida and Nymore soils are excessively drained. Hayden soils are fine-loamy and formed in calcareous till.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is medium or rapid. Permeability is moderate or moderately slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: This soil is cropped to small grains, corn, soybeans, hay, and vegetable and fruit crops. The remainder is in pasture or forest, or developed for homesites. The native vegetation was mixed deciduous forest. Present day vegetation is mainly oaks.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East-central Minnesota. This series is moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dakota County, Minnesota, 1942.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: orchric epipedon-the zone from 0 to 14 inches (A1,A2,E horizons) argillic horizon-the zone from 14 to 34 inches (Bt1,Bt2 horizons) mollic subgroup- the zone from 0 to 7 inches (A1,A2 horizons) udic moisture regime.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to MN. Agr. Exp. Sta. Central File Code No. 759 for results of some laboratory analysis of the typical pedon, and to S74MN-163-3 for data on an additional pedon.