LOCATION KLUM IA+MOEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, mesic Mollic Udifluvents
TYPICAL PEDON: Klum fine sandy loam, on a flood plain with a slope of about 1 percent, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) fine sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak very fine granular structure; very friable; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (15 to 25 centimeters thick)
C1--20 to 31 centimeters; stratified dark brown (10YR 3/3) and very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; massive with weak thin alluvial stratification; friable; few strata of dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam less than 1 millimeter thick; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
C2--31 to 64 centimeters; stratified dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) and dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam and fine sandy loam; massive with weak thin alluvial stratification; very friable; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
C3--64 to 152 centimeters; stratified dark brown (10YR 3/3), dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), brown (10YR 4/3) and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam, silt loam and loam; massive with weak thin alluvial stratification; very friable; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 108C-Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift, West Central Part; Des Moines County, Iowa subset; about 7 miles north of Middletown; located about 1,810 feet west and 250 feet south of the northeast corner of section 26, T. 71 N., R. 4 W.; USGS Pleasant Grove topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 55 minutes 43 seconds N. and long. 91 degrees 16 minutes 58 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--greater than 152 centimeters
Content of clay in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--5 to 18 percent
Content of sand in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--50 to 70 percent
Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--fine sandy loam or sandy loam
Clay content--5 to 18 percent
Sand content--55 to 80 percent
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral
C horizon:
Hue--7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--stratified fine sandy loam, sandy loam, silt loam, loam or loamy fine sand
Clay content--5 to 18 percent
Sand content--50 to 70 percent
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral
COMPETING SERIES: This is the
Dunnbot series.
Dunnbot--have a sand content of more than 90 percent in the lower third of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--alluvium
Landform--flood plains
Slope--0 to 5 percent
Mean annual air temperature--8 to 12 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--740 to 860 millimeters
Elevation--183 to 366 meters above sea level
Frost-free period--165 to 180 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Ackmore,
Lawson,
Nodaway, and
Zook soils. All these soils are on similar landscape positions and average less than 15 percent sand in the particle-size control section.
Ackmore--are in similar landscape positions to those of the Klum soils, have a clay content that averages 18 to 30 percent in the particle-size control section, and have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of normal years
Lawson--are in similar landscape positions to those of the Klum soils, have a clay content that averages 18 to 30 percent in the particle-size control section, have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of normal years, and have a mollic epipedon 61 to 91 centimeters thick
Nodaway--are in similar landscape positions to those of the Klum soils, have a clay content that averages 18 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section, have buried horizons within depths of 102 to more than 203 centimeters, and have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.2 meters during the wettest periods of normal years
Zook--are at lower elevations on floodplains, are frequently saturated at the soil surface during the wettest periods of normal years, and have a mollic epipedon 91 to more than 152 centimeters thick
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs at a depth of 1.2 meters during April to June in normal years and is considered apparent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--10.00 to 100.00 micrometers per second (high)
Surface runoff potential--negligible or very low
Flooding--occasional or frequent flooding for brief to long periods during the months of February to November from rainfall events and snowmelt
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn and soybeans. The native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, other grasses of the tall grass prairie and scattered deciduous trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Dissected till plains, Till plains
MLRAs--Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift (108), Iowa and Missouri Heavy Till Plain (109), Central Claypan Area (113), and Central Mississippi Valley Wooded Slopes (115)
LRR M; southern Iowa and northern Missouri
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Des Moines County, Iowa, l980
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (C1, C2, and C3 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (Ap, C1, C2, and C3 horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 20 centimeters (Ap horizon);
udic moisture regime.
Klum soils were included with Landes soils in previous surveys.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.