LOCATION LACRESCENT              MN+IA IL

Established Series
Rev. RAL-ELB-TWN
02/2011

LACRESCENT SERIES

The Lacrescent series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in 12 to 50 centimeters of loess or a mixture of loess and loamy colluvium and in loamy-skeletal colluvial sediments from bedrock. Lacrescent soils are on convex slopes on steep and very steep hill slopes in dissected uplands. Slope ranges from 5 to 90 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 977 millimeters. Mean annual air temperature is about 10 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Lacrescent cobbly silty clay loam, on a southeast-facing, convex slope of 55 percent, in a mixed hardwood forest. (Colors are for moist soils unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 25 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) cobbly silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine and very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine to medium tree roots; about 20 percent cobblestones and pebbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (20 to 36 centimeters thick)

AB--25 to 43 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) cobbly silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; few small masses of black (10YR 2/1) and brown (10YR 4/3) material; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine to medium tree roots; about 25 percent cobblestones and pebbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 25 centimeters thick)

Bw--43 to 71 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) very cobbly silt loam, few small masses of very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) material; weak fine subangular blocky; structure; very friable; few fine and medium tree roots; about 50 percent cobblestones and pebbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (14 to 41 centimeters thick)

C--71 to 152 centimeters; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) very cobbly silt loam; massive; very friable; few fine and medium tree roots in upper part; about 60 percent cobblestones and pebbles; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 105-Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills, Houston County Minnesota subset; about 5 miles south and 1 3/4 miles east of the town of Houston; located about 820 feet west and 80 feet north of the southeast corner of section 27, T. 103 N., R. 6 W.; USGS Sheldon topographic quadrangle; lat 43 degrees 41 minutes 21 seconds N. and long. 91 degrees 32 minutes 04 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the mollic epipedon--25 to 50 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--50 to 92 centimeters
Depth to bedrock--105 to 370 centimeters
Clay content of the particle size control section (weighted average)--10 to 24 percent
Sand content of the particle size control section (weighted average)--15 to 60 percent

A or AB horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--loam, silt loam, silty clay loam or the cobbly, channery, flaggy, or very flaggy analogues of these textures
Clay content--18 to 33 percent
Sand content--5 to 45 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 35 percent, mostly dolomite or limestone, cobblestones, channers, gravel, or flagstones
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral

Bw horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--4
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--cobbly, very cobbly, extremely cobbly, channery, very channery, extremely cobbly, flaggy, very flaggy, or extremely flaggy analogues of loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or silt loam
Clay content--8 to 23 percent
Sand content--15 to 60 percent
Rock fragment content--35 to 70 percent, mostly dolomite or limestone, cobblestones, channers, gravel, or flagstones
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral

C horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--cobbly, very cobbly, extremely cobbly, channery, very channery, extremely cobbly, flaggy, very flaggy, or extremely flaggy analogues of loam, fine sandy loam, or silt loam
Clay content--8 to 20 percent
Sand content--15 to 60 percent
Rock fragment content--35 to 70 percent, mostly dolomite or limestone, cobblestones, channers, gravel, or flagstones
Reaction--slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bentonsport, Kankakee, Marlean, and May City series.
Bentonsport--have a mollic epipedon 60 to 90 centimeters thick and are calcareous throughout the series control section
Kankakee--have clay films in the particle-size control section and are in areas that have a mean annual air temperature range of 10 to 12 degrees C
Marlean--have carbonates within a depth of 50 centimeters
May City--have carbonates within a depth of 70 centimeters and have a rock fragment content of less than 20 percent in the lower third of the series control section

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--12 to 50 centimeters of loess or a mixture of loess and loamy colluvium and in loamy-skeletal colluvial sediments from bedrock
Landform--convex slopes on steep and very steep hill slopes in dissected uplands
Slope--5 to 90 percent
Elevation--100 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 14 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--735 to 1,220 millimeters
Frost-free period--145 to 230 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Beavercreek, Blackhammer, Elbaville, and Lamoille soils.
Beavercreek--are at lower landscape positions in drainageways and do not have a cambic horizon
Blackhammer--are at higher landscape positions on ridgetops and have a rock fragment content of 5 to 35 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Elbaville--are at lower landscape positions on side slopes and base slopes, have an ochric epipedon and do have a rock fragments in the upper half of the series control section
Lamoille--are at higher landscape positions on side slopes and have a clay content that averages 35 to 55 percent in the particle-size control section

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a frequently saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second in the upper mantle and 1.00 to 100.00 micrometers per second in the underlying material
Surface runoff potential--medium or high

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are forested. The native vegetation is deciduous forest with red and white oaks and hickories being the dominant species.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Wisconsin driftless section, Till plains, and Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105),
Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104),
Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift (108), and
Central Mississippi Valley Wooded Slopes (115)
LRR M; southeastern Minnesota, northeastern Iowa and southwestern Wisconsin
Extent--large

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Houston County, Minnesota, 1981.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters.

Diagnostic horizons or features recognized in this pedon include:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 43 centimeters (A and AB horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 43 to 71 centimeters;
udic moisture regime.

Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.

Many of these soils were previously mapped as a miscellaneous land type called steep stony and rocky land.

The bedrock is Oneota dolomite or Jordan sandstone but some pedons are underlain by the Platteville and St. Lawrence dolomite and St. Peter and Franconia sandstone formations. 2/18/2011-TYPE LOCATION error was corrected.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.