LOCATION LAHAINA HI

Established Series
Rev. SN/MRK/JVP
03/2017

LAHAINA SERIES

The Lahaina series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in residuum weathered from basic igneous rock. Lahaina soils are on low elevation, mountain hillslopes and have slopes of 0 to 40 percent. Mean annual rainfall is about 762 millimeters (30 inches) and mean annual temperature is about 23 degrees C. (73 degrees F.)

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Very-fine, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic Rhodic Eutrustox

TYPICAL PEDON: Lahaina silty clay - irrigated sugarcane. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted. All textures are "apparent field textures.")

Ap1--0 to 18 centimeters (0 to 7 inches); dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) silty clay, dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) dry; weak fine, medium and coarse granular structure; hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; many fine roots; many fine and very fine irregular pores; many 1 to 3 mm black concretions that effervesce with hydrogen peroxide; common small earthy lumps that break down on persistent rubbing; strong effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; moderately acid (pH 6.O); abrupt wavy boundary. (15 to 23 centimeters {6 to 9 inches} thick)

Ap2--18 to 38 centimeters (7 to 15 inches); dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) silty clay, dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) dry; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; compacted by machinery; many fine roots; few medium and fine irregular pores; many 1 to 3 mm black concretions that effervesce with hydrogen peroxide; violent effervescence with hydrogen peroxide in matrix; moderately acid (pH 5.7); abrupt wavy boundary. (15 to 23 centimeters {6 to 9 inches} thick)

Bo1--38 to 58 centimeters (15 to 23 inches); dusky red (10R 3/3) silty clay, dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) dry; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; many very fine roots; many fine and very fine irregular pores; many 1 to 3 mm black concretions that effervesce with hydrogen peroxide; violent effervescence with hydrogen peroxide in matrix; slightly acid (pH 6.1); gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 25 centimeters {4 to 10 inches} thick)

Bo2--58 to 79 centimeters (23 to 31 inches); dusky red(10R 3/3) silty clay, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) dry; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; common very fine roots; many fine and very fine irregular pores; nearly continuous pressure faces on peds; many 1 to 3 mm black concretions that effervesce with hydrogen peroxide; violent effervescence with hydrogen peroxide in matrix; moderately acid (pH 6.0); gradual wavy boundary. (15 to 38 centimeters {6 to 15 inches} thick)

Bo3--79 to 117 centimeters (31 to 46 inches); dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) silty clay loam, dark red (2.5YR 3/6) dry; moderate medium subangular block structure parting to moderate very fine subangular blocky; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; very compact in place; few very fine roots; many medium and fine irregular pores; nearly continuous pressure faces on peds; 5 percent stones, 3 percent cobbles, and 2 percent gravel from basalt ; many 1 to 3 mm black concretions that effervesce with hydrogen peroxide; slight effervescence with hydrogen peroxide in matrix; slightly acid (pH 6.1); gradual wavy boundary. (25 to 46 centimeters {10 to 18 inches} thick)

BC--117 to 152 centimeters (46 to 60 inches); dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) silty clay loam, dark red (2.5YR 3/6) dry; strong medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; many fine irregular pores; many small patchy pressure faces on peds; common 1 to 3 mm black concretions that effervesce with hydrogen peroxide; many strongly weathered 1/4 to 2 mm basalt particles; 5 percent stones, 3 percent cobbles, and 2 percent gravel from basalt; slight effervescence with hydrogen peroxide in matrix; moderately acid (pH 6.0).

TYPE LOCATION: Island of Maui, Maui County, Hawaii; Lahaina Quadrangle - 20 degrees 55 minutes 16.70 seconds north latitude and 156 degrees 40 minutes 17.11 seconds west longitude (WGS84); on the Pioneer Mill Company plantation 1.8 km (1.5 mile) east of Kaanapali and 0.9 km (0.75 mile) southeast of Puukolii Camp.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The solum ranges from 102 to more than 152 centimeters (40 to more than 60 inches) thick. Mean annual soil temperature is about 22 degrees C. (72 degrees F.) Some pedons have an eroded surface and subsoil. Some pedons can have layers of consolidated sand below 30 inches. Some pedons, near coastal plains, may have coarse fragments of coral stones, cobbles, gravels and sand in the profile.

The A horizon
Hue: 5YR through 10R
Chroma: 3 or 4 moist and 3 through 6 dry
pH: strongly acid to moderately acid

The Bo horizon
Hue: 2.5YR or 10R
Chroma: 3 or 4 moist and 3 through 6 dry.
Structure: weak or moderate, fine to coarse
Coarse fragments: 0 to 10 percent
pH: slightly acid to neutral

The BC horizon
Hue: 2.5YR or 10R
Chroma: 3 or 4 moist and 3 through 6 dry.
Structure: moderate or strong
Coarse fragments: 0 to 10
pH: slightly acid to neutral

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Kahana, Molokai, and Wahiawa series. Kahana soils have strong structure throughout most of the B horizon. Molokai soils have prismatic structure in the upper B horizon and silty clay loam texture in the control section. Wahiawa soils have moderate structure in the A and B horizons and have concretions and stains of manganese dioxide throughout the solum.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Lahaina soils are on low elevation, mountain hillslopes. Slopes range from 0 to 40 percent. Elevation ranges from 3 to 457 meters (10 to 1,500 feet). The soils formed in residuum from basic igneous rock. Average annual rainfall is 508 to 1524 centimeters (20 to 60 inches). Mean annual temperature is about 22 degrees C. (72 degrees F.), average January temperature is 22 degrees C. (7l degrees F.), and average July temperature is 25 degrees C. (77 degrees F.)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Kahana, Molokai and Wahiawa soils and the Helemano, Hoolehua, and Pamoa soils. Helemano soils have moderate structure in the A horizon and do not effervesce with hydrogen peroxide in the B horizon. Hoolehua and Pamoa soils do not have an oxic horizon.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow to rapid runoff, depending upon slope; moderate permeability.

USE AND VEGETATION: This soil is used mainly for growing pineapple and irrigated sugarcane. Vegetation is cactus (Opuntia megacantha), fingergrass (Chloris sp.), kiawe (Prosopis pallida), koa haole (Leucaena glauca), and lantana (Lantana camara).

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Islands of Lanai, Maui, Molokai, and Oahu, Hawaii. The series is moderately extensive comprising about 21,000 acres.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Soil Survey, Territory of Hawaii, 1949.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon- from 0 to 38 centimeters (0 to 15 inches) (Ap1, Ap2)
oxic horizon- from 38 to 117 centimeters (15 to 46 inches) (Bo1, Bo2, Bo3)

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.