LOCATION LAKESPRING WA

Established Series
Rev. EMM/RWL/RJS
10/2016

LAKESPRING SERIES

The Lakespring series consists of moderately deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in formed in laminated Latah formation, glaciolacustrine deposits, and complex landslide deposits mixed with loess and volcanic ash in the upper part. Lakespring soils are on outwash plains and lake terraces and convex footslopes and backslopes of foothills. Slopes are 0 to 25 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 20 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 46 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Vitrandic Haploxeralfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Lakespring ashy loam, abandoned hayland; on a south-facing slope of 16 percent at an elevation of 2,250 feet. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted. All textures are apparent field textures)

A--0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) ashy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium and coarse platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and few fine roots; many very fine irregular and few fine tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (7 to 14 inches thick)

Bt1--7 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; moderately hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and few fine roots; common very fine irregular and few fine tubular pores; 2 percent faint clay films on faces of peds; 10 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.7); clear smooth boundary.

Bt2--21 to 34 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine irregular and few fine tubular pores; 15 percent distinct clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent fine black (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese concretions; 15 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.7); abrupt irregular boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons 13 to 28 inches thick)

2Cd1--34 to 39 inches; yellow (10YR 7/8) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) silty clay loam crushed, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) moist; massive laminated thick plates; rigid, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots oriented along fractures; few very fine irregular pores; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear smooth boundary.

2Cd2--39 to 50 inches; pale yellow (2.5Y 8/2) and light gray (2.5Y 7/2) silt loam crushed, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive laminated very thick plates; extremely hard, very firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots oriented along fractures; many very fine irregular pores; 2 percent fine black (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese concretions and 10 percent medium strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron; neutral (pH 7.3); gradual smooth boundary.

2Cd3--50 to 72 inches; white (5Y 8/1) silty clay loam crushed, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/3) moist; massive laminated thick plates; extremely hard, very firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine irregular pores; 1 percent fine black (N 2.5/0) iron-manganese concretions and 4 percent fine dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron lining pores; neutral (pH 7.3).

TYPE LOCATION: Spokane County, Washington; about 1.5 miles southwest of Silver Hill; About 200 feet south and 2,400 feet east of the northwest corner of Section 27, Township 24N, Range 43E; Spokane SE USGS Quadrangle. Latitude - 47 degress, 33 minutes, 1.5 seconds N; Longitude - 117 degrees, 21 minutes, 32.5 seconds W. NAD83

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature - 47 to 50 degrees F.
Moisture control section - dry in all parts between 4 and 12 inches, 60 to 90 days after the summer solstice, July through September, moist October through June.
Depth to stratified lake sediments or Latah formation - 20 to 40 inches
Reaction slightly acid or neutral
Volcanic ash influence - 7 to 14 inches thick
Estimated properties of the volcanic ash influenced layers:
Volcanic glass content in the 0.02 to 2 mm fraction - 5 to 20 percent
Acid-oxalate extractable Al + 1/2 Fe - 0.4 to 1.0 percent
Moist bulk density - 1.15 to 1.35 g/cc
15 bar water retention - 5 to 10 percent for air-dried samples

A horizon
Hue 10YR or 2.5Y
Value 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma 2 or 3, dry or moist
Gravel content 0 to 10 percent

E or Bw horizon present in some pedons. Some pedons have a Btx horizon with up to 40 percent fragic properties and textures of sandy clay loam or silt loam.

Bt horizon
Hue 10YR to 5Y
Value 5 to 8 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma 2 to 4, dry or moist
Clay content 18 to 25 percent
Gravel content 0 to 15 percent

2Cd horizon
Hue 10YR to 5Y
Value 5 to 8 dry, 4 to 7 moist
Chroma 1 to 8, dry or moist
Texture stratified silt loam, loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam
Clay content - 18 to 34 percent
Gravel content- 0 to 10 percent

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Kephart and Mcgowan series. Kephart soils are more than 60 inches deep and are dry for 90 to 130 days. McGowan soils are more than 60 inches deep and are dry for 45 to 60 consecutive days.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lakespring soils are on outwash plains, outwash terraces, and relict glacial lake terraces at elevations of 1,800 to 2,600 feet. Slopes are 0 to 25 percent. These soils formed in laminated Latah formation, glaciolacustrine deposits, and complex landslide deposits mixed with loess and volcanic ash in the upper part. The climate is temperate continental with dry summers and cool moist winters. The mean annual precipitation is 18 to 25 inches. The mean annual temperature is about 45 to 52 degrees F. The frost-free season is 100 to 130 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Glenrose, Speigle, Spokane, Kramerhill and Uhlig soils. Glenrose soils are very deep, have a mollic epipedon and are on foothills and outwash plains. Speigle soils are very deep, loamy-skeletal and are on basalt plateaus. Spokane soils are coarse-loamy, have a paralithic contact at a depth of 20 to 40 inches and are on foothills, mountains and ridgetops. Kramerhill soils are fine-loamy, 40 to 60 inches deep to a paralithic contact, and are on convex footslopes and backslopes of mountains and foothills. Uhlig soils are coarse-loamy, very deep, and are on outwash terraces.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained; moderately low saturated hydraulic conductivity. A perched water table is present December through April.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for timber production, livestock grazing, non-irrigated cropland, hay and pasture, home sites, and wildlife habitat. Potential natural vegetation is mainly ponderosa pine with very scattered Douglas-fir, with an understory of redstem ceanothus, mallow ninebark, common snowberry, Saskatoon serviceberry, creeping Oregon grape, baldhip rose, and bluebunch wheatgrass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Washington and possibly northern Idaho. Series is of moderate extent. MLRA 44A.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Spokane County, Washington, 2012.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon the zone from 0 to 7 inches.
Argillic horizon the zone from 7 to 21 inches.
Vitrandic feature the zone from 0 to 7 inches.
This series is correlated to the PIPO/PHMA habitat type in Spokane County.
Significant acres of Lakespring were previously mapped as Laketon in Spokane County.

Particle-size control section - the zone from 7 to 27 inches (Bt1 and part of the Bt2 horizon)

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.