LOCATION LAKESTARR               WA

Established Series
Rev. SMM/RWL/RJS
10/2016

LAKESTARR SERIES

The Lakestarr series consists of deep to a densic layer, moderately well drained soils that formed in volcanic ash and loess over colluvium weathered from pre-tertiary felsic gneiss and schist and local till. The Lakestarr soils are on mountain backslopes and foothills. Slope ranges from 8 to 30 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 28 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 42 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, isotic, frigid Andic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Lakestarr ashy silt loam - forest, on 26 percent northeast-facing concave slope under conifers at an elevation of 2,800 feet. (When described on September 12, 2000, the soil was slightly moist to 47 inches and very slightly moist from 47 to 65 inches. Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted. All textures are apparent field textures.)

Oi--0 to 2 inches; slightly decomposed needles, leaves, and twigs, mixed with a discontinuous accumulation of Mt. St. Helens 1980 volcanic ash.

Oe--2 to 3 inches; moderately decomposed plant material. (Combined thickness of O horizons range from 2 to 3 inches thick)

A--3 to 10 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) ashy silt loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; weakly smeary; common very fine, fine and medium roots; common fine tubular and common very fine irregular pores; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 9 inches thick)

Bw--10 to 15 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) ashy silt loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, soft, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, fine and medium roots; common fine tubular and common very fine irregular pores; slightly acid (pH 6.3); abrupt wavy boundary. (2 to 10 inches thick)

2E/Bt--15 to 24 inches; (E part) 60 percent brown (7.5YR 4/3) silt loam, pink (7.5YR 7/3) dry; (Bt part) 40 percent brown (7.5YR 4/3) loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/3) dry; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, fine and few medium roots; common very fine and fine tubular and irregular pores; 20 percent faint clay films on all faces of peds; moderately acid (pH 5.6); clear wavy boundary. (9 to 10 inches thick)

2Btc--24 to 39 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; moderate coarse angular blocky structure; hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, fine and few medium and coarse roots; few fine irregular and common very fine tubular pores; 30 percent distinct clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent fine iron-manganese concretions; moderately acid (pH 6.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (11 to 15 inches thick)

2E/Btxc--39 to 47 inches; (E part) 60 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; (Btx part) 40 percent brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) dry; strong coarse angular blocky structure; extremely hard, extremely firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; brittle; common very fine and fine irregular pores; 60 percent distinct clay films on vertical faces of peds; 2 percent fine iron-manganese concretions; approximately 40 percent of horizon is dense and brittle; moderately acid (pH 5.6); clear wavy boundary. (8 to 16 inches thick)

3Cdc1--47 to 55 inches; mixed light brown (7.5YR 6/3) and brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam, pink (7.5YR 7/4) and pink (7.5YR 7/3) dry; massive; extremely hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and few fine and medium irregular pores; 2 percent fine spherical very strongly cemented iron-manganese concretions with sharp boundaries in matrix; 2 percent fine gravel; strongly acid (pH 5.1); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 8 inches thick)

3Cdc2--55 to 65 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) sandy clay loam, pink (7.5YR 7/3) dry; massive; very hard, very firm, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; few fine irregular and common very fine irregular pores; 2 percent fine spherical very strongly cemented iron-manganese concretions with sharp boundaries in matrix; 10 percent fine gravel; strongly acid, pH 5.5. (8 to 12 inches thick)

TYPE LOCATION: Spokane County, Washington; about 7 miles east of Freeman, WA, about 110 feet south and 2,415 feet east of the northwest corner of section 1, T. 23 N., R. 45 E; USGS Mica Peak quadrangle; Latitude 47 degrees, 31 minutes, 17.1 seconds N. and Longitude 117 degrees, 3 minutes, 28 seconds W. (UTM coordinates 495651 meters UTM Easting and 5263112 UTM meters northing); NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture - usually moist from mid-September through July, and dry for 25 to 45 consecutive days in August to September in all parts between depths of 4 and 12 inches.

Average annual soil temperature - 42 to 45 degrees F
Depth to densic materials - 40 to 60 inches from the surface of the mineral soil
Volcanic ash mantle - 7 to 14 inches thick
Acid-oxalate extractable Al + Fe - 1.0 to 3.0 percent
Phosphate retention - 55 to 90 percent
15 bar water retention - 7 to 12 percent on air dried samples
Moist bulk density - .85 to .95 g/cc (estimated)
Depth to seasonally perched water table - 15 to 40 inches from February to April

A horizon
Hue - 10YR or 7.5YR
Value - 3 or 4 moist, 5 or 6 dry
Chroma - 3 or 4, moist or dry
Clay content - 5 to 8 percent
Gravel content - 0 to 5 percent

Bw horizon
Hue -10YR or 7.5YR
Chroma - 4 or 6, moist or dry
Texture - ashy silt loam or ashy loam
Clay content - 8 to 12 percent
Gravel content - 0 to 10 percent
Reaction - moderately acid to neutral

2E/Bt or 2Bt/E horizon
Value - 4 or 5 moist, 6 or 7 dry
Chroma - 3 or 4, moist or dry
Texture - loam or silt loam
Clay content - 18 to 22 percent
Gravel content - 0 to 10 percent

2Btc horizon
Value - 6 or 7 dry
Chroma - 3 or 4, moist or dry
Texture - loam or silt loam
Clay content - 18 to 20 percent
Gravel content - 0 to 5 percent
Reaction - very strongly acid to slightly acid

2E/Btxc or 2B/Etxc horizon
Texture - loam or sandy clay loam
Clay content - 20 to 30 percent
Gravel content - 0 to 5 percent
Reaction - strongly acid to slightly acid

3Cdc horizon
Hue - 7.5YR or 10YR
Value - 4 or 5 moist, 6 or 7 dry
Chroma - 3 or 4, moist or dry
Texture - loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam
Clay content - 20 to 30 percent
Gravel content - 2 to 20 percent
Reaction - very strongly acid to moderately acid

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Hunsaker (T) and Floodwood series. Hunsaker and Floodwood soils are very deep and lack a densic contact at depths of 40 to 60 inches. Similar soils are the Hildebrand (T), Jaype (T), and Konkol (T), series. Hildebrand, Jaype, and Konkol soils have mixed mineralogy and do not have densic materials in the lower part.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Lakestarr soils are on backslopes of dissected mountains and foothills. Slope ranges from 3 to 55 percent. The soils formed in volcanic ash and loess over colluvium weathered from pre-tertiary felsic gneiss and schist and local glacial till. Elevations are 2,600 to 3,600 feet. The climate is characterized by cool moist winters and warm dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 30 to 40 inches. The mean annual temperature is 41 to 44 degrees F. The frost-free period is 60 to 90 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Keeler, Kruse, and Santa soils. Keeler soils are fine-loamy with a surface mantle influenced by loess and volcanic ash, do not have densic materials in the lower part, and are on adjacent mountain slopes at higher positions. Kruse soils are fine-loamy, are xeric, and are on convex mountain slopes. Santa soils have a fragipan, are xeric, and are on convex positions of toeslopes.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: moderately well drained; moderately high over low saturated hydraulic conductivity. There is a perched water table at a depth of 15 to 40 inches from February to April.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for rural homesites, timber production, recreation, water supply and wildlife habitat. Potential natural vegetation is western hemlock, western redcedar, grand fir, Douglas-fir, western larch, lodgepole pine, Rocky Mountain maple, quaking aspen, thinleaf alder, creambush oceanspray, mallow ninebark, and thimbleberry, with an understory of bride's bonnet, Idaho goldthread, longtube twinflower, Piper's anemone, pyrola, Western rattlesnake plantain, oneleaf foamflower, darkwoods violet, and sweetcicely,

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Washington and possibly northern Idaho. MLRA 43A. The series is of small extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Spokane County, Washington, 2012.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon include (Depths to diagnostic horizons and features start from the mineral soil surface):
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the soil surface to 10 inches (Oi, Oe, and A horizons).
Argillic horizon - the zone from 15 to 47 inches ( 2E/Bt, 2BEtc, and 2E/Btxc, horizons).
Andic soil properties the zone from 3 to 15 inches (A horizon)
Particle size control section - the zone from 15 to 35 inches (2E/Bt, 2BEtc, and part of the 2E/Btxc horizons)
Fragic feature - the zone from 39 to 47 inches having dense and brittle features in 30 percent or more of the volume of the layer (2E/Btxc horizon)
Oxyaquic feature - the zone beginning at 15 inches having saturation with water for 30 or more cumulative days
Depths to diagnostic horizons and features start from the mineral soil surface.

ADDITIONAL DATA:

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.