LOCATION LAKEWIN UTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Calcic Haploxerolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Lakewin gravelly fine sandy Loam-cultivated. (Colors are for air-dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
A1--0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly fine sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium and fine granular structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common very fine roots; many fine and very fine discontinuous pores; neutral (pH 7.3); abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 8 inches thick).
A2--3 to 10 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly fine sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2 moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common very fine roots; common very fine discontinuous pores; mildly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick).
Bw--10 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly fine sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, nonsticky, slightly plastic; few very fine roots; common fine discontinuous pores; neutral (pH 7.3); gradual wavy boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick).
Bk1--19 to 27 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky, slightly plastic; common very fine roots; many very fine discontinuous pores; matrix is noncalcareous and pebbles have thin lime coating on underside; neutral (pH 7.2); gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 22 inches thick).
2Bk2--27 to 37 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very gravelly sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; single grained; loose; common very fine roots; violent effervescence; thick lime coatings on pebbles; mildly alkaline (pH 7.7); clear smooth boundary. (10 to 30 inches thick).
2Bk3--37 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) very gravelly sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; single grained; loose; few very fine roots; interstitial pores; strongly effervescent; lime coatings on gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.3).
TYPE LOCATION: Utah County, Utah; about 2 miles northwest of Provo and 3/4 mile west of Grandview School; 50 feet north of road; 600 feet west of center of Sec. 35, T.6S., R.2E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mollic epipedon is from 10 to 20 inches thick. The calcic horizon is at a depth of 17 to 27 inches. Depth to very gravelly sand is 20 to 35 inches. Organic matter decreases regularly or reaches a level of less than 1 percent within 20 inches. The soils are not usually dry but are dry in the 7 to 20 inch section for more than 45 consecutive days in most years. Mean annual soil temperature is 48 to 54 degrees F. Summer temperatures are 65 to 72 degrees F. The soils are neutral to moderately alkaline. Coarse fragments are dominantly gravel size but may include cobbles.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry and chroma of 2 or 3. Clay content is 16 to 22 percent. This horizon is noncalcareous. Rock fragments range from 15 to 35 percent.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4 moist, 5 or 6 dry and chroma of 2 or 3. This horizon is gravelly sandy clay loam, gravelly fine sandy loam or gravelly sandy clay loam. Clay content is 18 to 25 percent. Rock fragment content is 15 to 65 percent. Carbonate equivalent is 0 to 10 percent.
The Bk horizon has value of 4 to 6 moist, 5 to 7 dry and chroma of 2 or 3. Clay content is 10 to 15 percent. Rock fragment content is 35 to 80 percent. Carbonate equivalent is 15 to 40 percent including lime coatings on rock fragments.
The 2Bk horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6 moist, 5 to 7 dry, and chroma of 2 or 3. Clay content is 0 to 5 percent. Rock fragment content is 35 to 60 percent. Carbonate equivalent is 5 to 40 percent. Coarse fragments are well coated with carbonates.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Alpowa, Bonnet, Copperton, Hupp, Middle and Stricker(T) series. Alpowa, Copperton, Hupp and Stricker soils lack a very gravelly sand horizon within the control section. Middle soils have a lithic contact at depths of 20 to 40 inches. Bonnet soils lack cambic horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lakewin soils are on gently sloping to steep lake terraces of old Lake Bonneville with slopes of 1 to 30 percent. Elevations ranges from 4,600 to 5,200 feet. They formed in alluvium and lacustrine sediments derived from a mixture of rock sources. The climate is dry subhumid. Mean annual temperature ranges from 46 to 52 degrees F. Average annual precipitation is 14 to 16 inches and the freeze-free period is 140 to 170 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bingham, Layton, and Preston soils. Bingham soils have Bt horizons. Layton and Preston soils lack rock fragments, have loamy fine sand or fine sand profiles, and lack Bw horizons.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained: medium runoff; rapid permeability to moderately rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Irrigated and nonirrigated pasture and irrigated cropland producing orchards, berries, small grains, and alfalfa. Native vegetation is big sagebrush, bunchgrasses, oakbrush, and weeds.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: These soils are in northern Utah and are inextensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Phoenix, Arizona
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Salt Lake Area, Utah, 1972.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon--the zone from the soil surface to depth of 19 inches. (A1, A2 and Bw horizons)
Cambic horizon - the zone from 10 to 19 inches (Bw horizon)
Calcic horizon--the zone of carbonate accumulation from 19 inches to 60 inches. (Bk and 2Bk horizons)
Sandy, sandy-skeletal feature--the substratum layer that is dominantly gravel and sand. (2Bk horizons)
The superactive cation exchange activity class was added in 03/2003 to the taxonomic classification by the National Soil Survey Center on request of the Reno MLRA office, without review of the soil series property data. The remainder of this document has not been updated.