LOCATION LEBANON MOEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, mesic Typic Fragiudults
TYPICAL PEDON: Lebanon silt loam - on a convex slope of 3 percent in a fescue pasture at an elevation of 1,100 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 3 inches; 60 percent brown (10YR 4/3) and 40 percent brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and very fine roots, moderately acid; clear wavey boundary. (3 to 9 inches thick)
BE--3 to 5 inches; 55 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and 45 percent brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
Bt1--5 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; weak fine prismatic structure; firm; common very fine and fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--13 to 17 inches; 60 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and 40 percent brown (10 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure; firm; common very fine and fine roots; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; 1 percent chert gravel; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3--17 to 25 inches; 50 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and 50 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay; weak and moderate fine and medium prismatic structure; firm; common very fine and few fine roots; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent chert gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 10 to 20 inches.)
2Btx1--25 to 39 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly silt loam; strong coarse and very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate thin platy; very firm; 90 percent brittleness; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) one-half inch wide seams between prisms; few very fine roots in verticle seams between prisms; common faint clay films on faces of peds; 20 percent chert gravel and 5 percent sandstone gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 9 inches thick)
2Btx2--39 to 49 inches; 60 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and 40 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) very gravelly loam; weak coarse and very coarse prismatic structure; very firm; 82 percent brittleness; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) one-half inch wide seams between prisms; few faint clay films; 30 percent chert gravel, 10 percent sandstone gravel, and 15 percent sandstone cobbles; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
3Bt1--49 to 57 inches; 55 percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) and 45 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay; moderate medium prismatic structure; firm; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common medium red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; 5 percent chert gravel and 1 percent sandstone gravel; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
3Bt2--57 to 64 inches; 50 percent dark red (2.5YR 3/6), 30 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), and 20 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay; moderate medium prismatic structure; firm; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; 4 percent chert gravel; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Phelps County, Missouri; 1,600 feet north and 2,280 feet west of the southeast corner of section 9, T. 36 N., R. 6 W; USGS Seaton quadrangle, lat. 37 degrees 51 minutes 6.2 seconds N. and long. 91 degrees 35 minutes 25.6 seconds W.; UTM zone 15, NAD 83, UTM 624,006 easting and 4,190,299 northing.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to the fragipan ranges from 18 to 26 inches. Rock fragments larger than 3 inches in diameter range from 0 to 5 percent above the fragipan and 0 to 10 percent in and below the fragipan. Rock fragments less than 3 inches in diameter range from 0 to 20 percent above the fragipan with the highest content being just above the fragipan, 5 to 70 percent in the fragipan and 5 to about 60 percent in the clayey residuum below the fragipan. The reaction is medium acid to slightly acid in the surface soil and very strongly acid or strongly acid below.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 3 or 4. Undisturbed areas have A horizons with hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4 and chroma of 2 or 3 and are commonly 2 to 4 inches thick. Some pedons have E horizons. It commonly is silt loam but may be gravelly silt loam in some pedons.
The BE horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is commonly silt loam or silty clay loam, but may be gravelly in some pedons.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR to 5YR, value of 4 to 6. Chroma is typically 3 to 6, but may be 2 just above the fragipan. Texture is silty clay loam or silty clay or their gravelly analogues.
The 2Ex, 2Bx, and 2Btx horizons have hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2, or are mottled in hues of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, values of 4 to 6 and chroma of 1 to 8. They are silt loam, loam, or silty clay loam or their gravelly or extremely gravelly analogues.
The 2Bt and 3Bt horizons have hue of 10YR to 2.5YR, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. They are silty clay, clay, or their gravelly or very gravelly analogues.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family. A soil in a similar family is the Union series. Union soils are alfisols.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Lebanon soils occupy gently to moderately sloping upland positions with gradients of 2 to 14 percent but gradients commonly are 2 to 6 percent. The regolith consists of approximately 18 to 26 inches of loess underlain by cherty limestone residuum. The contact of the contrasting material is marked by a cherty old erosional surface in which the fragipan has developed. The mean annual temperature ranges from 54 to 57 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 42 to 48 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the Captina, Clarksville, Coulstone, Hobson, Needleye, Nixa, and Wilderness soils. The Captina and Needleye soils have less clay above the fragipan and are found on similar landscapes. Clarksville and Coulstone soils have more than 35 percent coarse fragments in the control section, and occur on steeper side slopes. Hobson soils are fine-loamy and are on similar landscapes. Nixa and Wilderness soils have less clay, more than 35 percent coarse fragments in the control section and are on similar landscapes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Runoff is medium. Permeability is moderately slow above the fragipan and very slow in the fragipan.
USE AND VEGETATION: A large part is cleared and used for hay and pasture. A few areas used for row crops or small grains. The remainder is in forest. Native vegetation is hardwood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Ozark area of southern Missouri (MLRAs 116B and 116A). Lebanon soils are moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Laclede County, Missouri, 1911.
REMARKS: These soils were formerly classified as Alfisols, but the majority of lab data shows that they best classify as Ultisols.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this series are:
ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 9 inches (Ap and BE horizons).
argillic horizon - the zone from approximately 9 inches to 23 inches and 35 to 60 inches (Bt1, Bt2, and Bt3 horizons and 2Bt1, 2Bt2, and 2Bt3 horizons).
fragipan - the zone from approximately 23 to 35 inches (2Ex and 2Bx horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: University of Missouri soil characterization laboratory reference number M9016145.