LOCATION LEWIS LAKE MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, frigid Oxyaquic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Lewis Lake silt loam with a plane slope of 1 percent on a glacial outwash plain in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to10 inches thick)
B/E--9 to 12 inches; 70 percent brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam (Bt); 30 percent brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam (E); moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (3 to 10 inches thick)
Bt1--12 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; faint discontinuous dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--28 to 37 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Fe concentrations; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; faint discontinuous dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 15 to 50 inches)
2Bt--37 to 50 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy coarse sand; single grain; very friable; common discontinuous brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay bridging between sand grains; about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to15 inches)
2C--50 to 80 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) coarse sand; single grain; loose; about 10 percent gravel; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Kanabec County, Minnesota; about 2.0 miles southeast of Brunswick; 700 feet north and 400 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 13, T. 38 N., R. 24 W.; USGS Mora South quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 46 minutes 35 seconds N. and long. 93 degrees 17 minutes 05 seconds W., NAD83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to sand and gravel is 24 to 55 inches. It is moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the upper mantel and moderately acid to neutral in the underlying sands and gravels.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is silt loam, silty clay loam, very fine sandy loam, or loam. Uncultivated pedons can have an O horizon 1 to 2 inches thick.
When present, the E horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is silt loam, loam, silty clay loam, or very fine sandy loam.
The B/E or E/B horizon has colors and textures similar to the E and Bt horizons.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, 5Y, or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is silty clay, clay, silty clay loam, or clay loam. Redoximorphic depletions are in the lower part.
Some pedons can have a BC or Bk horizon.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of hue 7.5YR or 5YR, value 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loamy fine sand to coarse sand or their gravelly or very gravelly analogues. Clay bridging is few to common.
The 2C horizon has hue of hue 7.5YR or 5YR, value 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loamy fine sand to coarse sand or their gravelly or very gravelly analogues.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Grasston series. Grasston soils do not have coarse textured material in the lower third of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have convex and linear slopes on glacial lake plains. Slope gradients range from 1 to 12 percent. They formed in clayey and silty lacustrine sediments over outwash. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 36 to 45 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 24 to 33 inches. Frost free days range from 90 to 145. Elevation above sea level ranges from 670 to 1450 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the somewhat poorly drained Coin (T) soils and the poorly drained Whited (T) soils in swales and flats.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. Surface runoff is low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, expressed in inches per hour, is .06 to .6 in the upper part and 6 to over 20 in the lower part. The zone of saturation is between 2.0 feet and 3.5 feet at some time from April and May in years of normal precipitation. Steeper slopes have shorter duration saturation.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of these soils are cultivated. Common crops grown include corn, soybeans, oats, and legume hay. The remaining areas are forested. Native vegetation is deciduous forest; ash, maple, basswood, and elm were the dominant species.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East central Minnesota. Inextensive. MLRA-90.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Kanabec County, Minnesota, 2005.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 9 inches (Ap horizon); glossic horizon - the zone from 9 to 12 inches (B/E horizon); argillic horizon - the zone from 9 to 37 inches (B/E, Bt1 and Bt2 horizons); Oxyaquic subgroup - based on saturation and high chroma redox concentrations above 40 inches.
A well drained soil in this catena was not set up do to very minor acreages.