LOCATION LONGDIS                 NV

Established Series
Rev. SES-JBF-TM-JVC
03/2016

LONGDIS SERIES

The Longdis series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvium over lacustrine deposits derived from volcanic rocks and influenced by volcanic ash. Longdis soils are on lake terraces and alluvial flats. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 230 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 8 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Xeric Natrargids

TYPICAL PEDON: Longdis ashy silty clay loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A--0 to 13 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) ashy silty clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate very thin and thin platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine vesicular pores; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (5 to 13 cm thick)

Btn--13 to 28 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silty clay, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist exterior, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist crushed; strong fine and medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine and medium subangular blocky; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; many very fine and fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (10 to 23 cm thick)

Btnk1--28 to 66 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; strong fine and medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine and medium angular blocky; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; many very fine and fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; secondary carbonates segregated as few fine masses; slightly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear wavy boundary. (8 to 40 cm thick)

Btnk2--66 to 114 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; strong very fine angular blocky structure; hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; secondary carbonates segregated as common fine masses; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 9.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (25 to 50 cm thick).

2C--114 to 155 cm; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) stratified silty clay and silty clay loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; massive; hard and very hard, friable and firm, very sticky and very plastic; no roots observed; few very fine tubular pores; strongly alkaline (pH 9.0).

TYPE LOCATION: Washoe County, Nevada; at the north end of Long Valley; approximately 2,300 feet south and 450 feet west of the northeast corner of section 2, T. 44 N., R. 19 E.; USGS Mosquito Valley 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 41 degrees 45 minutes 51 seconds N and longitude 119 degrees 48 minutes 40 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 41.7641667 latitude, -119.8111111 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture; Usually moist in winter and spring; dry from mid-June through October; aridic soil moisture regime that borders on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 11 degrees C.
Ochric epipedon thickness: 5 to 13 cm.
Depth to base of natric horizon: 90 to 130 cm.
Depth to identifiable secondary carbonates: 28 to 60 cm.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 40 to 50 percent.
Rock fragments: No rock fragments are present.

A horizon
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
Volcanic glass content: 30 to 50 percent in coarse silt through fine sand fractions.

Btn horizon
Value: 5 through 7 dry; 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Clay content: 40 to 50 percent.
Texture: Silty clay or clay.
Salinity (EC): 2 to 4 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 13 to 45.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.

Btnk horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 5 through 7 dry; 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay.
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent.
Salinity (EC): 2 to 4 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 13 to 45.
Effervescence: Slightly effervescent or strongly effervescent.
Identifiable secondary carbonates: Few to many fine to coarse masses.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 5 percent.
Other features: Few or common fine or medium masses of secondary gypsum are in the Btnk2 horizon in some pedons.

2C horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Stratified silty clay loam, silty clay or clay, but includes strata of loam and clay loam; ashy fine sandy loam or ashy very fine strata 1 to 2 inches thick are in some pedons.
Clay content: 35 to 45 percent.
Structure: Platy or is massive.
Consistence: Hard or very hard dry, very friable to firm moist.
Salinity (EC): 2 to 8 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 13 to 45.
Effervescence: Noneffervescent to violently effervescent.
Other features: Few or common fine to medium masses of secondary carbonate are in some pedons; few or common fine or medium relict redox concentrations with chroma of 4 or 5 are in some pedons; masses of secondary gypsum are in some pedons.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Chappuis, Kiesel, Owinza, Standish, and Tomera series.

Chappuis, Kiesel, and Standish soils have mean annual soil temperatures of 12 to 13 degrees C. Owinza soils are less than 50 cm to the base of the natric horizon. Tomera soils have very gravelly or extremely gravelly C horizons.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Longdis soils are on lake terraces and alluvial flats. They formed in alluvium over lacustrine deposits derived from volcanic rocks and influenced by volcanic ash. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. Elevations range from 1,650 to 1,830 meters. The climate is semiarid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 200 to 250 mm, the mean annual temperature is 7 to 9 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 80 to 100 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Dugway and Updike soils. Dugway soils are moderately deep to duripans. Updike soils are 15 to 30 inches to the base of the natric horizon and are on low terraces.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; medium surface runoff; moderately low saturated hydraulic conductivity. Some phases of this soil are susceptible to occasional flooding for very brief periods between January and March.

USE AND VEGETATION: Longdis soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is dominantly basin big sagebrush, silver sagebrush, black greasewood, and basin wildrye.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Nevada. These soils are moderately extensive. MLRA 23.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Washoe County (North Part), Nevada, 1995.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 13 cm (A horizon).
Natric horizon - The zone from 13 to 114 cm (Btn, Btnk1, and Btnk2 horizons).
Identifiable secondary carbonates - The zone from 28 to 114 cm (Btnk1 and Btnk2 horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 13 to 63 cm (Btn and part of the Btnk1 horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.