LOCATION LONGDRIVE CA

Established Series
Rev. EWB-AMB-TM-JVC
03/2017

LONGDRIVE SERIES

The Longdrive series consists of very deep, poorly or very poorly drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks and volcanic ash. Longdrive soils are on flood plains and toeslopes of mountains. Slopes are 0 to 4 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 250 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 6 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Ashy, glassy Aquandic Cryaquolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Longdrive ashy loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A1--0 to 18 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) ashy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine interstitial and common very fine tubular pores; 15 percent distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist, masses of iron accumulation; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 20 cm thick)

A2--18 to 33 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) ashy fine sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine to medium roots; common very fine tubular and interstitial pores; 25 percent distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist, masses of iron accumulation; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary. (8 to 18 cm thick)

A3--33 to 48 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) ashy fine sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine to medium roots; common very fine tubular and few very fine interstitial pores; 25 percent distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist, masses of iron accumulation; neutral (pH 6.6); abrupt wavy boundary. (5 to 25 cm thick)

A4--48 to 53 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very gravelly ashy sand, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine to medium roots; many fine interstitial pores; 10 percent faint very dark brown (7.5YR 2/2) moist, manganese coats on rock fragments and 40 percent distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist, masses of iron accumulation; 50 percent subangular gravel; neutral (pH 6.6); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 20 cm thick)

A5--53 to 58 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) ashy loamy sand, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine to medium roots; common very fine tubular and interstitial pores; 25 percent medium and coarse distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist, masses of iron accumulation; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 20 cm thick)

ACg1--58 to 71 cm; gray (10YR 5/1) ashy loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; massive; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine to medium roots; common very fine tubular and interstitial pores; 15 percent fine and medium prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist, masses of iron accumulation; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 25 cm thick)

ACg2--71 to 102 cm; gray (10YR 5/1) ashy fine sandy loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine and medium roots and common very fine roots; many very fine tubular and many very fine interstitial pores; 15 percent fine and medium prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist, masses of iron accumulation; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 35 cm thick)

2Cg1--102 to 130 cm; gray (10YR 6/1) clay, dark gray (10YR 4/1) moist; massive; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; 5 percent prominent bluish gray (10B 6/1) moist, zones of iron depletion, 5 percent distinct very dark brown (7.5YR 2/2) moist, masses of iron and manganese accumulation, and 20 percent prominent greenish gray (10Y 6/1) moist, zones of iron depletion; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary. (13 to 38 cm thick)

2Cg2--130 to 152 cm; gray (10YR 6/1) very gravelly sandy clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) moist; massive; very hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; 5 percent prominent greenish gray (5G 5/1) moist, zones of iron depletion; 35 percent subangular gravel; neutral (pH 6.8).

TYPE LOCATION: Mono County, California; in the Bodie Hills about 3.2 kilometers southeast of Beauty Peak along the drainage of Bodie Creek; approximately 210 meters north and 146 meters west of the southeast corner of section 26, T. 5 N., R. 27 E.; USGS Aurora 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 38 degrees 15 minutes 31.1 seconds N and longitude 118 degrees 57 minutes 33.6 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 38.25863 latitude, -118.95933 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually saturated in some part of the moisture control section during winter, spring, and early summer, usually dry in some part during summer and fall; seasonal periods of aquic moisture regime from November through June during saturation with ground water and anaerobic conditions.
Mean annual soil temperature: 5 to 7 degrees C.
Mean summer soil temperature: 11 to 13 degrees C.
Mollic epipedon thickness: 50 to 102 cm.
Other features: There is an irregular decrease in organic matter content throughout the soil due to textural stratification.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: Averages 12 to 18 percent.
Rock fragment: Averages less than 15 percent, with some subhorizons containing more than 35 percent, dominantly gravel or cobbles.

A horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist.
Chroma: 1 or 2, dry or moist.
Organic matter content: 2 to 4 percent.
Reaction: Slightly acid or neutral.
Volcanic glass content: 30 to 75 percent in coarse silt through fine sand fractions.
Redoximorphic features: Redox concentrations occur as masses of iron or manganese accumulation in the matrix or as coats on rock fragments.

ACg horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Texture: Stratified very gravelly ashy sand to ashy loam.
Clay content: Averages 10 to 18 percent.
Organic matter content: 1 to 3 percent.
Reaction: Slightly acid or neutral.
Volcanic glass content: 30 to 75 percent in coarse silt through fine sand fractions.
Redoximorphic features: Redox concentrations occur as masses of iron or manganese accumulation in the matrix or as coats on rock fragments.

2Cg horizons
Hue: 10YR through 5Y.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 1 or 2, dry or moist.
Texture: Stratified very gravelly loamy sand to clay.
Clay content: Averages 18 to 35 percent.
Reaction: Slightly acid or neutral.
Redoximorphic features: Redox concentrations occur as masses of iron or manganese accumulation in the matrix or as coats on rock fragments; redox depletions occur as zones of iron depletion.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Dismalswamp, Liart, and Lousecreek series.

Dismalswamp soils average 18 to 27 percent clay and have 15 to 35 percent gravel in the particle-size control section. Liart soils average 18 to 27 percent clay in the particle-size control section. Lousecreek soils have mollic epipedons 25 to 50 cm thick, are high in diatoms in the upper part of the particle-size control section, and have high amounts of volcanic glass in medium through very coarse pumiceous ash grains.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Longdrive soils are on flood plains and toeslopes of mountains. They formed in alluvium derived from mixed metamorphic and igneous rocks and volcanic ash. The probable sources of the volcanic ash are the Mono Craters and Long Valley Caldera in eastern California. Slopes are 0 to 4 percent. Elevations range from 2,200 to 2,900 meters. The climate is semiarid with cold, moist winters and cool, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 350 to 410 mm, the mean annual temperature is 6 to 7 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 30 to 60 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: This is the Bodiecreek soil. Bodiecreek soils have mollic epipedons 25 to 76 cm thick, are saturated below 100 cm, and occur on low stream terraces.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly or very poorly drained; low surface runoff; moderately slow permeability moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity. Endosaturation is present with an apparent seasonal high water table between the soil surface and 30 cm (very shallow or shallow free water occurrence classes) typically from November through June. But some phases are saturated throughout most of the year. Cumulative annual duration classes are Common or Persistent. These soils are susceptible to occasional flooding for brief periods between December and September. Non-flooded, ponded phases are also recognized.

USE AND VEGETATION: Longdrive soils are used for livestock grazing, recreation, watershed, and wildlife habitat. The native vegetation is mainly sedges and rushes.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern California, in the western part of the Great Basin. These soils are not extensive. MLRA 26.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Mono County (Coleville-Bridgeport Area), California, 2010.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - The zone from soil surface to 102 cm (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, ACg1, and ACg2 horizons).
Vitrandic intergrade feature - The zone from the soil surface to 75 cm (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and ACg1 horizons and part of the ACg2 horizon).
Aquic conditions - The conditions of endosaturation and reduction in horizons between the soil surface and 152 cm at certain times in normal years (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, ACg1, ACg2, 2Cg1, and 2Cg2 horizons).
Particle-size control section and ashy substitute class with glassy mineralogy - The zone from 25 to 100 cm (A3, A4, A5, and ACg1 horizons and parts of the A2 and ACg2 horizons).

ADDITIONAL DATA: User Pedon ID: 2007CA051012.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.