LOCATION LOWMO MOEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Fluventic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Lowmo silt loam - on a one percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap1--0 to 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate very fine and weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; common very fine vesicular and few fine tubular pores; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.
Ap2--15 to 25 centimeters (6 to 10 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; strong fine angular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; few fine tubular pores; common (2 percent) fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron (fe+3) on surfaces along root channels; 1 percent gray (10YR 5/1) mixings; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--25 to 38 centimeters (10 to 15 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; common very fine vesicular and few very fine tubular pores; few (1 percent) fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron (fe+3); 5 percent brown (10YR 4/3) and 5 percent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) mixings; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of A horizons is 25 to 58 centimeters, 10 to 23 inches.)
Bw1--38 to 53 centimeters (15 to 21 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; many very fine and fine tubular pores; very few distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic stains on surfaces along pores; few (1 percent) fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron (fe+3); slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--53 to 102 centimeters (21 to 40 inches); 60 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and 40 percent brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; common (4 percent) fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron (fe+3); slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Bw horizons is 15 to 127 centimeters, 6 to 50 inches.)
C1--102 to 127 centimeters (40 to 50 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) stratified silt (stratification is faint and thin); massive; very friable; few very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; common (5 percent) fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron (fe+3); few fine faint gray (10YR 5/1) clay depletions in lower part; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
C2--127 to 208 centimeters (50 to 82 inches); 65 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2), 15 percent brown (10YR 5/3), 10 percent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), and 10 percent brown (10YR 4/3) stratified very fine sandy loam and silt loam (stratification is distinct and thin); massive; very friable; few very fine roots; common very fine interstitial and fine tubular pores; common (5 percent) fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron (fe+3); strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of C horizons is 0 to 152 centimeters, 0 to 60 inches.)
2C3--208 to 234 centimeters (82 to 92 inches); 40 percent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), 20 percent brown (10YR 5/3), and 20 percent brown (10YR 4/3) stratified fine sand (stratification is faint and thin); single grain; loose; common very fine interstitial pores; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline. (0 to 76 centimeters, 0 to 30 inches.)
TYPE LOCATION: Warren County, Missouri; 1,728 feet West and 2,424 feet South from the Northwest corner of S748, Landgrant of the 5th Principal Meridian. Washington West, Missouri USGS quadrangle; latitude 38 degrees, 37 minutes 23.3 seconds N. and longitude 91 degrees, 5 minutes, 28.5 seconds W. UTM 666,162 meters easting, 4,276,684 meters northing, Zone 15, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of mollic epipedon: 25 to 58 centimeters (10 to 23 inches)
Depth to top of the cambic horizon: 25 to 58 centimeters (10 to 23 inches)
Depth to the base of the cambic horizon: 41 to greater than 152 centimeters (16 to 60 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 5 to 18 percent clay
Solum thickness: 38 to greater than 152 centimeters (15 to 60 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 28 to 99 centimeters (11 to 39 inches)
Ap and A horizons
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3, moist; 4 or 5, dry
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam, very fine sandy loam, or loam
Average clay content: 10 to 26 percent
Average sand content: 5 to 50 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to moderately alkaline
Bw horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 2 to 4, can be 1 below 40 inches
Texture: silt loam, loam, or very fine sandy loam
Average clay content: 5 to 18 percent
Average sand content: 5 to 50 percent
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline
C horizon (where present)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: commonly 4 to 6, 3 is allowed
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt, silt loam, loam, or very fine sandy loam, with strata of other textures in some pedons
Average clay content: 5 to 18 percent
Average sand content: 5 to 50 percent
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline
2Bw or 2C horizon (where present)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 2 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: sand, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Average clay content: 5 to 50
Average sand content: 5 to 90
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Blyburg and Eudora series. Blyburg soils lack cambic horizons, and the mean annual precipitation is 660 millimeters (26 inches). Eudora soils lack cambic horizons and typically lack carbonates above 99 centimeters (39 inches).
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lowmo soils are on nearly level, linear to convex areas. These soils formed in Missouri River alluvium and occur on flood plain steps. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. The mean annual temperature ranges from 10 to 13 degrees C (50 to 55 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation ranges from 889 to 1020 millimeters (35 to 40 inches).
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The poorly drained Booker and SansDessein soils and the somewhat poorly drained Blencoe and Peers soils. These soils occur on slightly lower areas and contain more clay in the control section.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. The potential for runoff is negligible to low. Permeability is moderate. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) is 4-14 micrometers per second. In undisturbed areas a apparent water table has an upper limit of 107-152 centimeters (3.5 to 6 feet) during November to May in most years. These soils are subject to occasional flooding due to levee breaks.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for growing soybeans and corn. The native vegetation is trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Central Mississippi Valley Wooded Slopes, MLRA 115B, of east central Missouri. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Warren County, Missouri, 2009.
REMARKS: These soils were previously mapped Eudora, Grable, and Haynie soils in Missouri. They differ from these soils by having a cambic horizon.
Redox concentrations in the upper part of the profile are not indicative of current drainage conditions.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 38 centimeters (15 inches) (Ap1 Ap2, and A horizons); cambic horizon - the zone from approximately 38 to 102 centimeters (15 inches to 40 inches) (Bw1 and Bw2 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory data; University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Pedon ID M0621901 is data for the OSD typical pedon; Pedon IDs M0713901, M0613903, M0718309, M0718311, M0718312, M0702701, M0702702, M0702704, M0702705, M0707102, M0718304, M0718305, and M0721908 are additional data used for the series range in characteristics.