LOCATION LULUDE COEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Ustic Haplocryalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Lulude cobbly loam - forest. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Oi--0 to 1 inches; undecomposed organic material, principally needles, barks, twigs, and leaves.
Oe--1 to 3 inches; partially decomposed organic material like that of the horizon above.
A--3 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) cobbly loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; strong fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 20 percent cobbles, 5 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
E--6 to 17 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very cobbly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak medium platy structure parting to moderate fine granular; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 35 percent cobbles, 5 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.2); gradual wavy boundary. (4 to 23 inches thick)
E/B--17 to 25 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very cobbly loam (E), brown (10YR 5/3) moist; brown (10YR 5/3) (Bt), brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; the more clayey portions of the peds are hard, friable; faint discontinuous clay films in some root channels and pores; 40 percent cobbles, 5 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.2); gradual wavy boundary. (4 to 13 inches thick)
Bt--25 to 33 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very cobbly clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; peds are very hard, firm; continuous distinct clay films on faces of peds and coarse fragments and in root channels and pores; the faces of peds throughout the horizon have distinct light colored skeletan coatings; 45 percent cobbles, 5 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.6); abrupt wavy boundary. (8 to 22 inches)
R--33 inches; hard basaltic bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Jackson County, Colorado; in unsurveyed section of Colorado State Forest, approximately 1/2 mile east of Camp Pennock and 900 feet north on a trail road; approximately SE1/4 of Sec. 23, T. 7 N., R. 77 W. Longitude 105 degrees, 58 minutes, 42 seconds west. Latitude 40 degrees, 33 minutes, 27 seconds north.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: (All depths given are from the top of the mineral soil)
Soil moisture regime: ustic moisture regime bordering on udic.
Mean annual soil temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F.
Mean summer soil temperature: about 51 degrees F.
Depth to lithic contact: 20 to 40 inches
Depth to the top of the argillic horizon: 8 to 24 inches
Sand and silt fractions contain 5 to 20 percent dark colored ferromagnesian rich minerals or fragments of basalt, volcanic ash, cinders, or other pyroclastics
A horizon (not present in all pedons)
Hue: 2.5Y to 7.5YR
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 to 3, dry or moist
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline.
E horizon:
Hue: 2.5Y to 7.5YR
Value: 5 to 8 dry, 4 to 7 moist
Chroma: 1 to 6, dry or moist
Reaction:. moderately acid to slightly alkaline.
E/B or B/E horizon:
Hue: 2.5Y to 7.5YR
Value, E part: 5 to 8 dry, 4 to 7 moist
Value B part: 5 to 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Choma, E part: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Chroma, B part: 3 to 6, dry or moist
The color of the E part does not qualify as albic materials
Bt horizon:
Hue: 2.5Y to 7.5YR
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 1 to 6, dry or moist
Texture: loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam with cobbly, very cobbly, or extremely stony modifiers
Clay content: averages 18 to 35 percent
Silt content: 5 to 60 percent
Sand content: 15 to 70 percent
Rock fragment content: 35 to 80 percent
Base saturation: 60 to 100 percent in all subhorizons
Reaction:moderately acid to slightly alkaline.
C horizon, (present in some pedons)
Hue: 2.5Y to 7.5YR; subhorizons redder than 7.5YR occur in some pedons
Texture : loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam with cobbly or very cobbly modifiers
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES:
Agneston (CO) - have less than 60 percent base saturation in at least some subhorizon of the argillic horizon.
Angostura (NM) - do not have a lithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
Cadotte (MT) - do not have a lithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
Cloud Peak (WY) - have continuous horizons of secondary carbonate accumulation.
Conical (WY) - have a paralithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
Cundiyo (NM) - do not have a lithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
Duchesne (UT) - do not have a lithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
Frisco (CO) - do not have a lithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
Granile (CO) - do not have a lithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
Guffey (CO) - have a paralithic contact at depths of 20 to 40 inches below the surface.
Hardzem NV - have a paralithic contact at depths of 20 to 40 inches below the surface.
Helmville (MT) - do not have a lithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
Hyattville (WY) - have a Ck horizon.
Kavon (ID) - have base saturation of less than 15 percent in the control section.
Kebler (CO) - have less than 60 percent base saturation in at least some subhorizon of the argillic horizon.
Kimpton (MT) - has horizons of secondary carbonates
Lake Creek (WY) - do not have E/B or B/E combination horizons
Lakehelen (WY) - have hue of 5YR or redder in the Bt horizon.
Larand (CO) - do not have a lithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
Leadville (CO) - do not have a lithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
MacFarlane (CO) - do not have a lithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
Needleton (CO) - do not have a lithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
Presa (NM) - do not have a lithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
Redondo (NM) - do not have a lithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
Tamarron (CO) - have a paralithic contact above a depth 40 inches
Tenrag (MT) - do not have a lithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
Tepecreek (MT) - has a paralithic contact above a depth of 40 inches
Tigeron (MT) - do not have a lithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
Tolvar (CO) - do not have a lithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
Trebor (SD) - have the top of the argillic horizon above a depth of 8 inches and do not have combination E/B or B/E horizons.
Worock (MT) - do not have a lithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lulude soils are on hills, ridges, mesa tops, and mountain slopes. Slopes range from 4 to 60 percent. The soil formed in material weathered from basic extrusive rocks, tuff, and breccia, with accompanying volcanic ash and cinders. Elevation ranges from 9,000 to 11,500 feet. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 22 to 34 inches with peak periods of precipitation in the spring and summer. Mean annual temperature is 32 to 38 degrees F and mean summer temperature is about 52 degrees F. The frost-free period is 25 to 60 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Larand soils and the Peeler soils. Larand soils do not have a lithic contact above 40 inches. Peeler soils have fine-loamy control sections and do not have a lithic contact above a depth of 40 inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium to rapid runoff; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used as grazing land and for timber production. Native vegetation consists of lodgepole pine, spruce, fir, elk sedge, juniper, and wild rose.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Mountainous areas of Colorado. MLRA 48A. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Jackson County, Colorado, 1973.
REMARKS: This revision adds the superactive clay activity class to the classification. This is based on the general pattern indicated by lab data for western Colorado.
This series could be in both the Typic and Ochreptic subgroups based on the given range in thickness of the argillic horizon (5 to 22 inches). The classification will provisionaly remain as Typic pending a proposed change in the Alfisols to exclude moderately deep soils such as Lulude from the concept of the Ochreptic subgroup.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon: from 3 to 17 inches (A and E horizons)
Argillic horizon: from 25 to 33 inches (Bt horizon)
Particle-size control section: the zone from 25 to 33 inches (the entire argillic horizon)
Lithic contact: at 33 inches.
Keys to Soil Taxonomy: Classified according to the Seventh Edition, 1996.
ADDITIONAL DATA: