LOCATION LUTZKE WI

Established Series
Rev. HFG-AAC
01/2011

LUTZKE SERIES

The Lutzke series consists of very deep, somewhat excessively drained soils that are moderately deep to sand and gravel. They formed in loamy deposits over calcareous sand and gravel outwash on outwash plains, stream terraces, eskers, kames, and moraines. Slope ranges from 2 to 20 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 762 mm (31 inches). Mean annual air temperature is about 7.8 degrees C (46 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Lutzke sandy loam on a north-facing 3 percent slope in a cornfield at an elevation of about 195 meters (640 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; about 8 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches) thick]

Bt1--15 to 48 cm (6 to 19 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) very gravelly clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds and on coarse fragments; about 30 percent gravel and 8 percent cobbles; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. [18 to 36 cm (7 to 14 inches) thick]

Bt2--48 to 61 cm (19 to 24 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) very gravelly loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 43 percent gravel and 8 percent cobbles; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. [13 to 20 cm (5 to 8 inches) thick]

2C--61 to 152 cm (24 to 60 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) extremely gravelly sand; single grain; loose; about 75 percent gravel and 12 percent cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Manitowoc County, Wisconsin; about 1 mile south of Larrabee; 1,200 feet south and 660 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 33, T. 21 N., R. 23 E. USGS Larrabee, Wisconsin topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 15 minutes 05 seconds N., and long. 87 degrees 42 minutes 28 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:

Depth to base of argillic horizon: 51 to 81 cm (20 to 32 inches)
Thickness of the loamy mantle: 51 to 81 cm (20 to 32 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 38 to 66 cm (15 to 26 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages between 18 and 35 percent clay
Rock fragments: mixed lithology
Volume of gravels: 0 to 20 percent in the A horizon; 35 to 60 percent in the Bt horizon; 45 to 90 percent in the 2C horizon Volume of cobbles: 0 to 10 percent in the loamy mantle; 0 to 20 percent in the outwash
Reaction: typically neutral or slightly alkaline in the loamy mantle, slightly acid in the upper part, in some pedons; slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline in the sand and gravelly outwash

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4, colors with a moist value of 3 have dry value of 6 or more
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: sandy loam

A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 2
Texture: sandy loam

E horizon (where present):
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: sandy loam, loam or silt loam

Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: gravelly or very gravelly analogues of clay loam, sandy loam or loam
Other features:
In some pedons tongues of this horizon extend into the C horizon. Thin subhorizons without gravel are in some pedons. Carbonates: typically in the lower part

2C horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: very gravelly extremely gravelly, very cobbly or extremely cobbly analogues of sand or coarse sand

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Conotton, Dorerton, Hawksbill, Leoni, Oakhill, and Silverwood series. Conotton soils have less than 18 percent clay in the particle-size comtrol section. Dorerton soils have a lithic contact within depths of 114 to 178 cm (45 to 70 inches) and have only dolostone and limestone rock fragments. Hawksbill soils do not have a sandy-skeletal C horizon within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Leoni soils do not have free carbonates within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Oakhill soils have a lithic contact at 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches), have only basalt rock fragments, and do not have carbonates. Silverwood soils are more than 102 cm (40 inches) deep to the base of the argillic horizon and to carbonates.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lutzke soils typically are on outwash plains, stream terraces, eskers, kames, and moraines of Wisconsinan age. Slope ranges from 2 to 20 percent. Lutzke soils formed in loamy deposits over calcareous sand and gravel. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 711 to 838 mm (28 to 33 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 7.2 to 8.9 degrees C (45 to 48 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Boyer, Casco, Gilford, Lorenzo, Rodman, and Wasepi soils. The somewhat poorly drained Wasepi soils and poorly drained Gilford soils form a drainage sequence with the Lutzke soils. Other nearby soils on similar topography are the Boyer, Casco, Lorenzo, and Rodman soils. Boyer soils are coarse-loamy. Lorenzo soils have a mollic epipedon and are fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat excessively drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from low to high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second) in the subsoil and very high (141.14 or more micrometers per second) in the substratum. Permeability is moderate in the subsoil and very rapid in the substratum.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Some areas are used for pastureland and some are in woodland. Native vegetation is deciduous hardwood forest mainly northern pin oak, black oak, and white oak. Many areas of this soil are used as a source of gravel.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 95A, and 95B in east-central Wisconsin. The series is of small extent with about 6,400 acres mapped in Calumet and Manitowoc Counties, Wisconsin.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, 1976.
(Calumet-Manitowoc Counties Soil Survey)

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 inches) (Ap); argillic horizon - 15 to 61 cm (6 to 24 inches) (Bt1 Bt2).

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.