LOCATION LATHAM                  OH+KY WV

Established Series
DDC, SLH/ Rev. MDJ
04/2013

LATHAM SERIES

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, semiactive, mesic Aquic Hapludults

TYPICAL PEDON: Latham silt loam - on a 20 percent north-facing convex slope in a forested area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Oe--0 to 5 cm (0 to 2 inches); partly decomposed mixed hardwood leaf litter.

A--5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and very fine roots; 10 percent fragments of siltstone; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (2 to 10 cm thick)

E--10 to 25 cm (4 to 10 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; many very fine and few fine roots; 10 percent fragments of siltstone; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 20 cm thick)

Bt1--25 to 43 cm (10 to 17 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent fragments of siltstone; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--43 to 61 cm (17 to 24 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay; common fine prominent pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) iron depletions and common fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) iron-manganese masses; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent fragments of siltstone; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3--61 to 91 cm (24 to 36 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) channery silty clay; many fine prominent pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) iron depletions and common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron-manganese masses; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; very firm; few very fine roots; many prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay films on faces of peds; 3 percent fragments of siltstone and 15 percent fragments of soft shale; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 38 to 76 cm)

Cr--91 to 116 cm (36 to 46 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) soft shale interbedded with thin layers of yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) siltstone.

TYPE LOCATION:
County: Pike
State: Ohio
USGS Quadrangle: Waverly North, Ohio
Latitude (Decimal Degrees, NAD 83): 39.152778 N
Longitude (Decimal Degrees, NAD 83): 82.992222 W
Directions to Pedon: About 2 miles north of Waverly, Pee Pee Township, about 5,400 feet north of the intersection of Prussia Road (CR-46) and Denver Road (CR-47) along Prussia Road, then about 810 feet southwest.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the top of the Argillic: 2 to 35 cm (1 to 14 inches)
Depth to the base of the Argillic: 40 to 102 cm (16 to 40 inches)
Solum Thickness: 40 to 102 cm (16 to 40 inches)
Depth to Bedrock: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth Class: Moderately Deep
Depth to Seasonal High Water Table: 35 to 58 cm (14 to 23 inches), January to April
Rock Fragment content: 0 to 14 percent, by volume, in the A and E horizons and 0 to 30 percent, by volume, in the B horizons and substratum
Fine-Earth Fraction: 35 to 55 percent clay in the particle size control section
Soil Reaction: Strongly acid through extremely acid in A and E horizons, and very strongly acid or extremely acid in the Bt, BC, and C horizons, except where limed

Range Of Individual Horizons:
A or Ap horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR; value of 3 through 5; and chroma of 2 through 4
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam or silty clay loam

E horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 10YR; value of 5 or 6; and chroma of 2 through 4
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam or silty clay loam

BA or BE horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 10YR or 7.5YR; value of 5 or 6; and chroma of 4 through 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam or silty clay loam

Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 2.5Y through 7.5YR; value of 4 through 6; and chroma of 2 through 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silty clay loam or silty clay
Redoximorphic features--iron masses in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray

BC or C horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 2.5Y or 10YR; value of 5 or 6; chroma of 2 through 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silty clay loam or silty clay
Redoximorphic features--iron masses in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray

COMPETING SERIES:
Cruze soils--have a paralithic contact that is greater than 102 centimeters deep.
Flatwoods soils--have a lithic contact between 51 and 102 cm, and have moderately slow permeability.
Halifax soils--are very deep and formed from igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Kanuga soils--are very deep and have moderately slow permeability.
Keyport soils--are very deep and formed in fluviomarine sediments.
Lackstown soils--are very deep and formed from Triassic rocks.
Zoar soils--are very deep and formed in clayey lacustrine sediments.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
MLRA(s): 124 (Western Allegheny Plateau), 125 (Cumberland Plateau and Mountains), 126 (Central Allegheny Plateau)
Landscape: Uplands
Landform: Hill and hillslope
Hillslope Profile Position: Backslope, shoulder, or summit
Geomorphic Component: Side slope, nose slope, head slope, or crest
Parent Material: Residuum from soft acid shale; in some areas strata of more resistant bedrock, such as siltstone, are included with the shale
Slope: 0 to 35 percent
Elevation: 150 to 450 meters (490 to 1475 feet)
Frost-Free Period: 176 to 213 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 9 to 13 degrees C. (48 to 55 degrees F.)
Mean Annual Precipitation: 1012 to 1270 mm (40 to 50 inches)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Berks soils--occur on well drained summits and upper shoulders that are loamy-skeletal.
Brownsville soils--occur on well drained summits and upper shoulders that are loamy-skeletal and have a lithic contact that is greater than 102 centimeters deep.
Coolville soils--occur on uplands that have a silt mantle and a paralithic contact that is greater than 102 centimeters deep.
Gilpin soils--occur on well drained uplands that are fine-loamy.
Lily soils--occur on well drained uplands that are fine-loamy and siliceous.
Rarden soils--occur on broader summits that have a fine particle-size class and hues redder than 10YR.
Shelocta soils--occur on well drained uplands that are fine-loamy and have a lithic contact that is greater than 102 centimeters deep.
Steinsburg soils--occur on well drained narrow summits and upper shoulders that are dominated by sandstone.
Wharton soils--occur on uplands that are fine-loamy and have a paralithic contact that is greater than 102 centimeters deep.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Moderately well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Thin (30 cm-1 m), shallow (25 cm-50 cm), and common (present 3-6 months)
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Index Surface Runoff: Medium through very rapid
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: Moderately low and moderately high
Shrink-Swell Potential: Low

USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Hayland, pasture, cropland, and woodland
Dominant Vegetation: Grass-legume hay, corn, wheat, oats, and mixed hardwood trees dominated by oak and maple

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Southeastern Ohio, West Virginia, and northeastern Kentucky; mainly MLRAs 124, 125, and 126
Extent: Large, about 700,000 acres at the time of this revision

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: MORGANTOWN, WEST VIRGINIA

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Adams County, Ohio, 1932.

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and soil characteristics recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 5 to 25 cm (A and E horizons)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 25 to 91 cm (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3 horizons)
Redoximorphic depletions with chroma 2 or less--the zone from 43 to 91 cm
Paralithic contact--91 cm

Previous revisions: 10/98-AR,DRM

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Refer to sample pedon PK-12 (OSD type location) for characterization data, analyzed by The Ohio State University Soil Characterization Laboratory, Columbus, Ohio. Other sampled pedons include 83P0702, 73KY19-42, 69KY-165-075, 69KY-165-076, and 73KY-089-035. These samples were analyzed by the University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.