LOCATION MAKLAK OREstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Ashy-pumiceous, glassy Xeric Vitricryands
TYPICAL PEDON: Maklak paragravelly ashy loamy coarse sand, woodland. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
A--0 to 3 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) paragravelly ashy loamy coarse sand, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak very fine granular structure; soft, very friable; many very fine roots; many very fine pores; about 20 percent paragravel pumice fragments; strongly acid (pH 5.1); abrupt smooth boundary. (2 to 6 inches thick)
Bw1--3 to 10 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) very paragravelly ashy loamy coarse sand, light brown (7.5YR 6/3) dry; massive; soft, very friable; many very fine roots; many very fine pores; about 35 percent paragravel pumice and 15 percent paracobble pumice fragments; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary. (4 to 11 inches thick)
Bw2--10 to 27 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) extremely paragravelly ashy loamy coarse sand, light brown (7.5YR 6/3) dry; massive; soft, very friable; common roots; many very fine pores; about 45 percent paragravel pumice and 15 percent paracobble pumice fragments; slightly acid (pH 6.1); gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 20 inches thick)
C1--27 to 37 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) extremely paragravelly ashy loamy coarse sand, light reddish brown (5YR 6/3) dry; massive; soft, very friable; common roots; many very fine pores; about 55 percent paragravel pumice and 15 percent paracobble pumice fragments; moderately acid (pH 6.0); gradual wavy boundary. (8 to 30 inches thick)
C2--37 to 60 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) extremely paragravelly ashy coarse sand, light reddish brown (5YR 6/3)dry; massive; soft, very friable; few roots; many very fine pores; about 45 percent paragravel pumice and 15 percent paracobble pumice fragments; moderately acid (pH 6.0).
TYPE LOCATION: Klamath County, Oregon; about 1/4 mile south of the south boundary of Crater Lake National Park; NE1/4 NW1/4 section 19, T.32 S., R.7-1/2E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mean annual soil temperature is 42 to 45 degrees F. and the mean summer soil temperature without an O horizon is 52 to 59 degrees F., and with an O horizon is 40 to 47 degrees F., and the mean winter soil temperature is 32 to 35 degrees F. The solum is 14 to 35 inches thick. Depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches. The particle-size control section is dominated by pumice mixed with minor amounts of cinders and average 35 to 80 percent. Field estimated clay is 0 to 5 percent. The solum has 70 to 100 percent volcanic glass and glass coated aggregates, 25 to 50 percent phosphate retention, 0.4 to 1.0 percent acid oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half iron, and 3 to 12 percent 15-bar moisture based on an air-dried and moist samples. The fine-earth includes appreciable amounts of lithic crystal ash.
The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry, and chroma of 2 moist and 1 or 2 dry. It has 15 to 25 percent paragravel pumice. Moist bulk density is 0.70 to 1.00 grams per cubic centimeter.
The Bw and C horizons have hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3 through 7 moist, 6 through 8 dry, and chroma of 2 through 8 moist and 0 through 6 dry. Pumice fragments typically have variegated hue of 7.5YR and 5YR and chroma of 4 or more. It is very paragravelly ashy loamy coarse sand or extremely paragravelly ashy loamy coarse sand with 30 to 60 percent pragravel pumice and 15 to 25 percent paracobble pumice. Moist bulk density is 0.70 to 1.00 grams per cubic centimeter.
The C horizon has 70 to 100 percent glass.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Lapine and Wedge series. Lapine soils lack cobble-size pumice and have little lithic crystal ash (hypersthene, augite, dark green hornblende) in the control section. Wedge soils have acid oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half iron of more than 2.0 percent, and have a spodic horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Maklak soils are on gently to strongly sloping pumice flows in narrow glacial valleys and lava tablelands. Elevations range from 4,350 to 7,000 feet. The soils formed in very thick deposits of pumice and ash. The materials predominantly are dacitic. The climate is characterized by cool, dry summers and cold winters with much snow. The mean annual precipitation is 30 to 60 inches. The mean annual January temperature is 25 to 27 degrees F.; the mean July temperature is 56 to 62 degrees F.; and the mean annual temperature is 38 to 44 degrees F. The frost-free period is 0 to 50 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Lapine and the Shanahan, Steiger and Tutni soils. Shanahan soils are ashy over loamy. Steiger soils are ashy. Tutni soils are ashy and have redox features at depths of 14 to 20 inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Excessively drained; very rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for timber production, wildlife habitat and recreation. Vegetation is mainly ponderosa pine, sugar pine, lodgepole pine, white fir, aspen, snowbrush, wax current and long stolon sedge.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Pumice flows east and south of Crater Lake in south, central Oregon; MLRA 6. The series is extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Klamath County, Oregon, Southern Part, 1977.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon
Andic properties - from 0 to 27 inches and based on geographically associated Steiger series lab data.
Particle-size control section - from 0 to 40 inches having a weighted average of 59 percent pumice and cinders. Over 40 percent of coarse fragments are pumice. The 15-bar moisture is 5 to 6 percent (air-dried).
Pumice and ash are from Mt. Mazama.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data on 1 profile (S72-OR-18-13) reported on Riverside Soil Survey laboratory report for Lapine soils sampled in Klamath County, Oregon, 1972.