LOCATION MANVEL CO+KS NE SD

Established Series
Rev. GB
03/2013

MANVEL SERIES

The Manvel series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from soft limestone and shale. Manvel soils are on fans, plains, and interfluves. Slopes range from 0 to 15 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 305 mm (12 inches) and the mean annual temperature is about 11 degrees C. (52 degrees F.).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Ustic Haplocalcids

TYPICAL PEDON: Manvel silt loam, grassland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).

A--0 to 18 centimeters (0 to 7 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3), moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine and very fine roots; strongly effervescent, 5 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear smooth boundary (8 to 18 cm (3 to 7 inches) thick).

Bk1--18 to 64 centimeters (7 to 25 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; moderately hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and very fine roots; 2 percent medium distinct irregular carbonate masses in matrix; violently effervescent, 20 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary. (20 to 51 cm (8 to 20 inches) thick)

Bk2--64 to 124 centimeters 25 to 49 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), moist; moderate fine prismatic structure; moderately hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; 8 percent medium distinct irregular carbonate masses in matrix; violent effervescence, 13 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual wavy boundary. (48 to 76 cm (19 to 30 inches) thick)

Bk3--124 to 200 centimeters (49 to 79 inches); very pale brown (10YR 7/4) silt loam, brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; moderately hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 2 percent fine distinct irregular carbonate masses in matrix; violent effervescence, 35 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4).

TYPE LOCATION: Pueblo County, Colorado about 14 miles south of Boone, Colorado; 1,550 feet east and 900 feet north of the SW corner sec. 9, T. 23 S., R. 61 W; Flying A Ranch, CO USGS Quad; UTM zone 13 566930 E, 4212360 N; latitude 38 degrees, 3 minutes, 23.4 seconds N and longitude 104 degrees, 14 minutes, 13.5 seconds W; NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Moist in some part March through May, intermittently moist June through October.
Moisture regime: aridic bordering on ustic.
Mean annual soil temperature ranges from 9 to 13 degrees C. (48 to 56 degrees F.)
Mean summer soil temperature ranges from 19 to 25 degrees C. (67 to 76 degrees F.)
Depth to carbonates: calcareous at the surface but may be leached for 5 to 10 centimeters (2 to 4 inches) in some pedons.
Depth to visible calcium carbonate accumulations: 8 to 38 cm (3 to 15 inches)
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 40 percent in at least one horizon above a depth of 100 cm (40 inches).
Electrical conductivity: 0.5 to 8 dS/m

Particle size control section: (Weighted average)
Clay content: 18 to 27 percent
Silt content: 40 to 70 percent
Sand content: 5 to 35 percent, with less than 15 percent fine or coarser sand
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent in the control section

A horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silt loam or loam
Clay content: 18 to 27 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline

Bk horizons: (Bw in some pedons)
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 8 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silt loam, loam, clay loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 15 to 35 percent but is typically 18 to 27 percent.
Reaction: moderately alkaline to strongly alkaline
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 40 percent
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent above a depth of 100 cm (40 inches), 0 to 15 percent below 100 cm.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Minnequa (CO), and Willard (NM) series.
Minnequa soils: have a paralithic contact at depths of 50 to 100 centimeters (20 to 40 inches).
Willard soils: are in MLRA 70, are dry in March and intermittently moist in April and May, formed in lacustrine deposits, have iron masses in the Bw, and salt crystals in the Bk horizons.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform: fans and plains, interfluves
Slopes: 0 to 15 percent.
Parent material: calcareous alluvium derived from chalk, shale and soft limestone.
Average annual precipitation: 254 to 356 millimeters (10 to 14 inches)
wettest period: May through August
Driest period: December through February
Average annual air temperature: 9 to 14 degrees C. (48 to 57 degrees F.)
Average summer temperature: 20 to 26 degrees C. (68 to 78 degrees F.)
Elevation is 1,006 to 1,981 meters (3,300 to 6,500 feet)
Frost free season: 125 to 170 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Penrose, Tyrone, and Wilid series, and the competing Minnequa series. Penrose soils have a lithic contact at depths of less than 50 centimeters and are on scarps. Tyrone soils have a natric horizon. Wilid soils have an argillic horizon and are on interfluves.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: Well drained
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: high or moderately high.

USE AND VEGETATION: They are used as rangeland, nonirrigated and irrigated cropland. Native vegetation is mainly blue grama, galleta, western wheatgrass, cactus, and needlegrass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern and central Colorado, parts of Kansas, Nebraska and South Dakota, LRR G, MLRA 69, 72, 60A and 64. The series is extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Arkansas Valley Area, Colorado, 1926.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedons are:
Particle size control section: 25 to 100 centimeters (10 to 40 inches). (Bk1, Bk2, and part of the Bk3 horizons)
Ochric epipedon: the zone from 0 to 18 centimeters (0 to 7 inches). (A horizon)
Calcic horizon: 18 to 64 centimeters (7 to 25 inches)
Other features: calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 40 percent
Moisture regime: aridic bordering on ustic.

The assignment of the cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.

LAN 12/2012 The previous classification of calcareous Ustic Torriorthents became obsolete with the Eleventh Edition to Keys to Soil Taxonomy. Based on a field project this update moves the type location from Las Animas County, Colorado to Pueblo County, Colorado and changes the Taxonomic class to Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Ustic Haplocalcids.

Taxonomic Version: Eleventh Edition, 2010.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.