LOCATION MARQUIS IA+MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Marquis loam, on a convex slope of 3 percent, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 23 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
A--23 to 48 centimeters; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) and very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 30 to 50 centimeters.)
Bw1--48 to 61 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots throughout; common very fine moderate continuity tubular pores; common faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coats on faces of peds; discontinuous stone line consisting of rounded gravel and cobbles 2 to 15 centimeters in diameter (5 to 10 percent of this horizon); slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 15 centimeters thick)
2Bw2--61 to 81 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; about 2 percent mixed gravel; common fine and medium prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bw3--81 to 107 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; common fine black (10YR 2/1) masses of iron-manganese; about 2 percent mixed gravel; common fine prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bw4--107 to 137 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; moderate fine prismatic structure; firm; common fine very dark brown (10YR 2/2) masses of iron-manganese; about 2 percent mixed gravel; common fine and medium prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bw horizon is 41 to 91 centimeters.)
2BC--137 to 203 centimeters; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loam; moderate coarse and extremely coarse prismatic structure dissected by few oblique fractures; very firm; common fine very dark brown (10YR 2/2) masses of iron-manganese; about 2 percent mixed gravel; common fine prominent gray (2.5Y 5/1) redoximorphic depletions; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 104-Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies, Black Hawk County, Iowa subset; about 2.5 miles north and 2 miles east of Waterloo; located about 100 feet north and 100 feet east of the southwest corner of section 17, T. 90 N., R. 12 W.; USGS Waterloo North topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 35 minutes 59.5 seconds N. and long. 92 degrees 17 minutes 50.5 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mollic epipedon thickness--30 to 50 centimeters
Depth to till--30 to 75 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--100 to more than 203 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--20 to 28 percent
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--20 to 55 percent, fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand
Special feature--some pedons have a stone line or thin layer, 2 to 13 centimeters thick of gravelly and sandy materials at the base of the silty or loamy sediments
Ap and A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--loam or silt loam
Clay content--18 to 24 percent
Sand content--20 to 50 percent
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent
Bw horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 to 6
Texture--loam, silt loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam
Clay content--20 to 30 percent
Sand content--15 to 60 percent
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent
2Bw horizon:
Hue--7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 to 8
Texture--loam
Clay content--20 to 28 percent
Sand content--25 to 45 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
Rock fragment content--1 to 15 percent
2BC horizon:
Hue--7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 to 8
Texture--loam
Clay content--18 to 27 percent, mean of 22 percent
Sand content--35 to 50 percent, mean of 44 percent
Reaction--slightly acid to moderately alkaline
Rock fragment content--2 to 12 percent
Moist bulk density--1.75 to 1.90 g/cc
COMPETING SERIES: This is the
North Twin series.
North Twin--have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters and have a moist bulk density of less than 1.75 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--30 to 75 centimeters of silty or loamy sediments and the underlying till
Landform--interfluves and side slopes on dissected till plains
Slope--1 to 9 percent
Elevation--300 meters to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 10 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--735 to 940 millimeters
Frost-free period--160 to 195 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Aredale,
Kenyon,
Readlyn and
Tripoli soils.
Aredale--are at higher elevations on side slopes and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters in normal years
Kenyon--are at slightly higher elevations on side slopes and have a frequently saturated zone at depth of 1 meter during the wettest periods of normal years
Readlyn--are at lower elevations on interfluves and have a frequently saturated zone at a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of normal years
Tripoli--are at lower elevations in flat to concave drainageways and are frequently saturated at the soil surface during the wettest periods of normal years
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs at a depth of 0.6 meter during April to June in normal years and both perched and apparent saturation can occur on this soil based on the season and intensity of rainfall during a given period of time
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.0 to 10.0 micrometers per second in the silty or loamy sediments and 0.01 to 1.0 micrometers per second in the till
Surface runoff potential--negligible to medium
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn and soybeans. The native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Dissected till plains
MLRA--Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104)
LRR M; northeast Iowa and southeast Minnesota
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Black Hawk County, Iowa, 2001.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (A, Bw1, 2Bw2 and 2Bw3 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (Ap, A, Bw1, 2Bw2, 2Bw3, 2Bw4, and 2BC horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 48 centimeters (Ap and A horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 48 to 137 centimeters (Bw1, 2Bw2, 2Bw3, and 2Bw4 horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Some pedons have vertical seams or wedges of sand or loamy sand about 5 to 15 centimeters wide and about 0.9 to 1.2 meters deep extending downward from the stone line into the till.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Oxyaquic subgroup based on a zone of saturation within 100 centimeters for 20 or more consecutive days or 30 or more cumulative days in normal years.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.
This soil was previously included with the Aredale, Kenyon and Readlyn soils.