LOCATION MILLSTADT IL
Established Series
Rev. WMM-RAL-GRS
08/2011
MILLSTADT SERIES
The Millstadt series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils that formed on loess-covered lacustrine terraces treads. The Millstadt soils formed in loess and the underlying lacustrine deposits. Slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 965 mm (38 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 13 degrees C (55 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Millstadt silt loam, on a nearly level slope in a cultivated field on a lacustrine terrace tread at an elevation of about 125 meters (410 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 22 cm (0 to 9 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; many very fine roots throughout; few fine and medium spherical black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese nodules with sharp boundaries; about 20 percent clay; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [10 to 25 cm (4 to 10 inches) thick]
E--22 to 35 cm (9 to 14 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; moderate medium platy structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; common very fine roots throughout; few distinct very pale brown (10YR 8/2) clay depletions on faces of peds; few fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine and medium spherical black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese nodules with sharp boundaries; about 22 percent clay; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. [8 to 22 cm (3 to 9 inches) thick]
EB--35 to 45 cm (14 to 18 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots between peds; many distinct very pale brown (10YR 8/2) clay depletions on faces of peds; common fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common fine and medium spherical black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron-manganese nodules with clear strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) boundaries; about 26 percent clay; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 inches) thick]
Bt1--45 to 71 cm (18 to 28 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common very fine roots between peds; many distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common fine and medium spherical black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron-manganese nodules with clear strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) boundaries; about 33 percent clay; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--71 to 96 cm (28 to 38 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common very fine roots between peds; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common fine and medium spherical black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron- manganese nodules with clear strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) boundaries; about 31 percent clay; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt3--96 to 134 cm (38 to 53 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few very fine roots between peds; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine and medium faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common fine and medium spherical black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron-manganese nodules with clear strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) boundaries; about 30 percent clay; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 74 to 114 cm (29 to 45 inches).]
2Btg1--134 to 158 cm (53 to 62 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few very fine roots between peds; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common fine and medium spherical black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron-manganese nodules with clear strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) boundaries; about 38 percent clay; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
2Btg2--158 to 170 cm (62 to 67 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; friable; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common fine and medium irregular black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese masses; about 30 percent clay and 10 percent sand; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
2Btg3--170 to 203 cm (67 to 80 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium angular blocky; very firm; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few fine and medium irregular black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese masses; about 42 percent clay; slightly effervescent in places; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Btg horizon is 61 to 122 cm (24 to 48 inches).]
2Btkg--203 to 254 cm (80 to 100 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films lining root channels; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on vertical faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few fine irregular black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese masses and few fine irregular white (10YR 8/1) masses of carbonate accumulation; several thin strata of brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; about 38 percent clay; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: St. Clair County, Illinois; about 1.5 mile south of New Athens; approximately 2,200 feet east and 2,380 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 4, T. 3 S., R. 7 W.; USGS New Athens West, IL. topographic quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees 18 minutes 05 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 52 minutes 57 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 152 to more than 203 cm (60 to more than 80 inches)
Depth to carbonates: greater than 122 cm (48 inches)
Thickness to loess: 91 to 178 cm (36 to 70 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 27 to 35 percent clay, less than 7 percent sand
Special features: krotovina present in some pedons
Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5, 6 or 7 dry
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam
Clay content: 12 to 25 percent
Sand content: less than 15 percent; includes iron-manganese nodules and concretions
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral
A horizon, where present:
Value: 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
E or EB horizon, where present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6, 6 to 8 dry
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 12 to 30 percent
Sand content: less than 15 percent; includes iron manganese nodules and concretions
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid; pedons that have been limed range to neutral
Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 or 6
Texture: silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content: 22 to 35 percent
Sand content: less than 15 percent; and includes iron manganese nodules and concretions
Redoximorphic features: hue of 5YR to 5Y, or is neutral; value of 2 to 7; and chroma of 0 to 8
Reaction: extremely acid to moderately acid
2Bt or 2BC horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 4
Ped surfaces: some peodns have pressure faces or slickensides
Texture: clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, or silt loam
Clay content: 24 to 55 percent
Sand content: less than 15 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately alkaline; some pedons contain carbonates in the lower part
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Coulterville,
Fincastle, and
Gavers. Coulterville soils contain a concentration of exchangeable sodium in the subsoil. Fincastle soils have rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Gavers soils are deeper than 122 cm (48 inches) to carbonates.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Millstadt soils are on loess-covered lacustrine terraces treads. Slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent. These soils formed in 91 to 178 cm (36 to 70 inches) of loess (Peoria Silt), and the underlying lacustrine deposits (Equality Formation). In some pedons, the loess and lacustrine deposits are interbedded. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 914 to 1016 mm (36 to 40 inches). Mean annual temperature is 12 to 14 degrees C (54 to 57 degrees F). Frost-free period is 170 to 200 days. Elevation is 104 to 131 meters (340 to 430 feet) above mean sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Bartelso,
Floraville,
Lakaskia,
Redbud, and
Wabash soils. The somewhat poorly drained Bartelso soils have a mollic horizon and are on similar landform positions nearby. They form a biosequence with the Millstadt soils. The poorly drained Floraville and Lakaskia soils are on nearly level or slightly depressional treads of the lacustrine terrace. Also, the Lakaskia soils have a mollic epipedon. The moderately well drained Redbud soils are on more convex or more sloping parts of the lacustrine terrace. The Redbud and Floraville soils form a hydrosequence with the Millstadt soils. The poorly drained or very poorly drained Wabash soils have a mollic epipedon and are in drainageways on the lacustrine terraces.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The depth to the top of a perched seasonal high water table ranges from 15 to 61 cm (0.5 foot to 2.0 feet) in drained areas between December and April in normal years. The potential for surface runoff is low or medium. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately low. Permeability is slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cropped to corn, soybeans, and small grain. A few areas are pastured or wooded. Native vegetation is mixed hardwood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 113 and 114B in southwestern and southern Illinois. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: St. Clair County, Illinois, 1997.
REMARKS: Millstadt soils were formerly included with the terrace variant of the Iva series.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 46 cm (18 inches) (Ap, E, and EB horizons).
Albic horizon: from a depth of 23 to 46 cm (9 to 18 inches) (E and EB horizons).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 46 to 254 cm (18 to 100 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, 2Btg1, 2Btg2, 2Btg3, and 2Btkg horizons).
Aquic conditions: redoximorphic features present throughout the soil profile.
ADDITIONAL DATA: For lab analysis refer to a pedon from the St. Clair County Glacial Lake Kaskaskia Study, Part I (S92IL-163-012; NSSL pedon number: 92P-582-3430-3442).
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.