LOCATION NEVEE SD+WYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Aridic Ustorthents
TYPICAL PEDON: Nevee silt loam - on a southwest-facing slope of 8 percent in native grass. When described, the soil was dry throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated)
A1--0 to 4 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) silt loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable; many fine roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
A2--4 to 8 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) silt loam, dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) moist; very weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable; many fine roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined A horizons 4 to 16 inches thick)
C1--8 to 24 inches; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) silt loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable; common fine roots; few fine accumulations of carbonate; violent effervescence; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
C2--24 to 39 inches; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) silt loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist; massive; hard, very friable; few fine roots; violent effervescence; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
C3--39 to 48 inches; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) silt loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist; massive; hard, very friable; many coarse fragments of siltstone; violent effercescence; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Cr--48 to 60 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) siltstone, dark red (2.5YR 3/6) moist; extremely hard, friable; strong effervescence; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Butte County, South Dakota; about 8 miles west and 5 miles south of Belle Fourche; 1100 feet north and 20 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 4, T. 7 N., R. 1 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to bedrock typically ranges from 40 to 60 inches or more. Depth to free carbonates is less than 10 inches. The control section is silt loam, loam, or very fine sandy loam averaging between 10 and 18 percent clay. Some pedons have up to 35 percent coarse fragments greater than 3 inches in the surface.
The A horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6 and 3 or 4 moist, and chroma of 2 to 6. Where the color value is as dark or darker than 5.5 and 3.5 moist, the horizon has chroma of 4 or more or is too thin for a mollic epipedon. It is typically silt loam, but some pedons are loam or very fine sandy loam. It ranges from neutral to moderately alkaline. Some pedons have an AC horizon. It has colors an textures of the A horizon.
The C horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 5 to 7 and 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is loam, silt loam, or very fine sandy loam, but some pedons are silty clay loam in the lower part. It typically has few to many, fine or medium accumulations of carbonate in the upper part. It ranges from slightly to strongly alkaline.
The Cr horizon is reddish colored silty shale, siltstone, or sandstone and is below depths of 40 inches. It ranges from slightly to strongly alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Keota and Mitchell soils in the same family and the Barnum, Colby, Gypnevee, Neville, Sully, Tilford, and Vale series. Keota soils have yellower hue and have siltstone between depths of 20 and 40 inches. Mitchell soils have yellower hue throughout. Barnum soils have a fine-loamy control section and are more stratified. Colby soils have a fine-silty control section. Gypnevee soils have a gypsic horizon. Neville soils are fine-loamy. Sully soils are more moist and have 10YR or 2.5Y hue throughout the control section. Tilford and Vale soils have a mollic epipedon. In addition, the Vale soils have an argillic horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Nevee soils are nearly level to steep on terraces, uplands, and alluvial fans. Surfaces are dominantly smooth plane, and slope gradients range from 1 to 30 percent. The Nevee soils formed in silty alluvium weathered from reddish colored silty shale, siltstone, or sandstone. Mean annual air temperature is 43 to 48 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 15 to 18 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Barnum, Tilford, and Vale soils, and the Canyon and Spearfish soils. Barnum soils are on bottom lands. Tilford and Vale soils are on similar landscapes. Canyon and Spearfish soils are on steeper nearby landscapes and have beddrock at depths within 20 inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is very low to high depending on slope. Permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly in native range, but a few areas are cultivated. Winter wheat and alfalfa are the principal crops. Native vegetation consists of needleandthread, little bluestem, western wheatgrass, sideoats grama, green needlegrass, needleandthread, blue grama, and sedges.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: In and near the Black Hills of western South Dakota and eastern Wyoming. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Butte County, South Dakota, 1970.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 8 inches (A1 and A2 horizons). Phase recognized - bedrock substratum.
ADDITONAL DATA: SSIU, Lincoln, Nebraska. Sample Nos. 70L449-70L456.