LOCATION NEWTON IN+MI
Established Series
Rev. JAT-WDH-GLH
09/2012
NEWTON SERIES
The Newton series consists of very deep, very poorly drained soils formed in sandy sediments on outwash plains and lake plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 889 mm (35 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 10.0 degrees C (50 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, mesic Typic Humaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Newton loamy fine sand, on a less than 1 percent slope in an idle field at an elevation of 217 meters (713 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A1--0 to 15 cm (6 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy fine sand, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and very fine roots; few streaks of light gray (10YR 7/2) uncoated sand grains; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
A2--15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy fine sand, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and very fine roots; common streaks of light gray (10YR 7/2) uncoated sand grains; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the A horizon is 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches).]
Bg--25 to 38 cm (10 to 15 inches); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) loamy fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and very fine roots; many very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic streaks; few fine faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) iron depletions in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. [(0 to 76 cm (30 inches) thick]
Cg1--38 to 64 cm (15 to 25 inches); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sand; single grain; loose; few very fine roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Cg2--64 to 158 cm (25 to 62 inches); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) fine sand; single grain; loose; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Cg3--158 to 203 cm (62 to 80 inches); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) fine sand; single grain; loose; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Jasper County, Indiana; about 1 1/2 miles south and 1 mile east of Tefft; 700 feet west and 150 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 2, T. 31 N., R. 5 W.; USGS San Pierre, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 10 minutes 18.99 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 57 minutes 6.19 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 504047 easting and 4557849 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the Cg horizon: 25 to 102 cm (10 to 40 inches)
A or Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR or N
Value: 2, 2.5, or 3
Chroma: 0 to 2
Texture: mucky fine sand, loamy fine sand, loamy sand, sand, or fine sandy loam
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid
Bg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: fine sand, sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand; thin strata of sandy loam material are in some pedons
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid
Cg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: fine sand or sand; thin strata of sandy loam material are in some pedons
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid but ranges to moderately acid below a depth of 102 cm (40 inches)
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family. Similar soils in closely related families include the
Gilford,
Granby, and
Maumee series. Gilford, Granby, and Maumee soils are less acid throughout the series control section and have a mollic epipedon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Newton soils are on outwash plains and lake plains. Slope gradient is typically less than 1 percent but ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Newton soils formed in acid sandy sediments. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 762 to 1016 mm (30 to 40 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 6.7 to 10.6 degrees C (44 to 51 degrees F). Frost-free period is 130 to 170 days. Elevation is 177 to 311 meters (580 to 1,020 feet) above mean sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Brems,
Denham,
Gilford,
Granby,
Maumee,
Morocco,
Oakville,
Plainfield, and
Zadog soils. The moderately well drained Brems soils are on rises. The moderately well drained Denham soils are on slight rises knolls and footslopes. The poorly drained or very poorly drained Gilford, Granby, and Maumee soils, and the very poorly drained Zadog soils are in lower lying depressions. The somewhat poorly drained Morocco soils are on slight rises. The excessively drained Oakville and Plainfield soils are on knolls and ridges.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Very poorly drained. Depth to the top of an apparent seasonal high water table ranges from 30 cm (1 foot) above the surface to 30 cm (1 foot) below the surface between December and May in normal years. Potential for surface runoff is negligible. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high or very high. Permeability is rapid.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most soils are drained and cropped to corn, soybeans, wheat, and oats. Blueberries are produced in some areas. Native vegetation is marsh grasses, reeds, sedges, and water-tolerant trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 97 and 98 in northern Indiana and southwestern Michigan. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Newton County, Indiana, 1905.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Umbric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 25 cm (10 inches) (Al and A2 horizons).
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 155037 represents the typical pedon in complex with Morocco soils.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data is available for the typical pedon (JR8017) from the Purdue University Soil Characterization Laboratory, AES Bulletin No. 360, Vol. 7, Pg. 98. Transect data for the typical pedon (T99IN-073-001) is on file at the MLRA project office in Plymouth, Indiana. Transect shows 70 percent Newton soils and 30 percent Morocco soils.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.