LOCATION NORMANDY ILEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Normandy loam, on a nearly level slope, on a floodplain, on a low outwash plain, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of about 758 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; about 2 percent coarse fragments; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.
AB--8 to 13 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; about 2 percent gravel; violently effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 10 to 20 inches.)
Bg1--13 to 19 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; about 2 percent gravel; violently effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bg2--19 to 25 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; about 2 percent gravel; common prominent dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bg3--25 to 33 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silt loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; friable; about 2 percent gravel; common prominent dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Bg4--33 to 39 inches; gray (5YR 6/1) silt loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse subangular blocky; friable; about 2 percent gravel; common prominent dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Bg5--39 to 49 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) silt loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; about 2 percent gravel; violently effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Bg6--49 to 54 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) and dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bg horizon is 30 to 40 inches.)
2Cg--54 to 60 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) sand; single grain; loose; violently effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Lee County, Illinois; about 3 miles south and 5.75 miles west of Steward; located about 210 feet north and 444 feet east of southwest corner of section 33 T. 39 N., R. 1 E.; USGS Ashton topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 48 minutes 13 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 07 minutes 49 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mollic epipedon ranges from 10 to 20 inches thick. These soils typically contain 2 to 8 percent by volume of rock fragments of mixed lithology, although in some pedons the upper 25 inches do not have rock fragments. Carbonates are in all parts of the fine-earth fraction between 10 and 20 inches. The particle-size control section ranges from 20 to 35 percent clay and 15 to 35 percent sand coarser than very fine. The lower one-fourth to one-third of the series control section averages more than 75 percent sand. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline throughout the series control section. Calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 5 to 20 percent.
The upper one-fourth to one-third of the control section (Ap, Akp, or A horizon) has hue of 10YR or is neutral, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 or 1. It is loam or silt loam.
The middle one-third to one-half of the control section (Bg or Bkg horizon) has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is clay loam, loam, silty clay loam, silt loam, or sandy loam.
The lower one-fourth to one-third of the control section (2Cg horizon) has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 to 4. It is sand or loamy sand. The calcium carbonate equivalent is generally higher in the 2C horizon than in the overlying horizons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Merden, Oshawa, Scipio, Uncompahgre, and Voltaire series. Merden soils average less than 75 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Oshawa soils do not have rock fragments within 60 inches. Scipio soils formed in alluvium derived from limestone, sandstone and quartzite and do not have a lithologic discontinuity. Uncompahgre soils formed in calcareous alluvium derived from mixed sources and do not have a lithologic discontinuity. Voltaire soils have 15 percent or more exchangeable sodium in the upper one-half of the particle-size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Normandy soils are on concave, plain, or slightly convex slopes in shallow closed depressions on flood plains on outwash plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. They formed in loamy alluvium overlying sandy alluvium and outwash. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 48 to 52 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 33 to 38 inches. Growing season days range from 160 to 175 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Ambraw, Cohoctah, and Gorham soils on similar positions on the landform. Ambraw soils are not calcareous above 40 inches. Cohoctah soils are not calcareous above 40 inches and have less than 18 percent clay in the particle-size control section. Gorham soils have less than 15 percent sand in the particle-size control section.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. Runoff is low or negligible. Permeability is moderate. In undisturbed areas in most years the apparent seasonal high water table is at or near the surface during spring.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated. Corn and soybeans are the principal crops. Native vegetation is a wet-site community of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: LRR M, MLRA 108; Illinois. This series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Bureau County, Illinois, 1996.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include: particle-size control section - the zone from 10 to 40 inches; series control section - the zone from 0 to 60 inches; mollic epipedon - zone from the surface to 13 inches (Ap, and AB horizons); cambic horizon - the zone from 13 to 54 inches (Bg horizons); calcareous family - carbonates at 10 to 25 inches; aquic moisture regime - low chroma below mollic epipedon; fluventic properties - irregular decrease in organic carbon.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomic Version: Second Edition, 1999.
These soils were previously mapped as a flooded, sandy substratum phase of Canisteo soils.