LOCATION NEWBERRY ILEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Endoaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Newberry silt loam in a nearly level cultivated field at an elevation of 432 feet above MSL. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; few fine and very fine roots throughout; few fine and common very fine tubular pores; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (7 to 9 inches thick)
Eg--9 to 16 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam, white (2.5Y 8/1) dry; weak medium platy structure parting to weak very fine subangular blocky; friable; common very fine roots throughout; few very fine tubular pores; common fine rounded prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 14 inches thick)
BEtg--16 to 20 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few very fine roots throughout; few very fine tubular pores; few faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay films and common prominent white (10YR 8/1) dry, silt coatings on faces of peds; few fine rounded prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
Btg1--20 to 30 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; strong medium prismatic structure; very firm; few very fine roots throughout; few very fine tubular pores; many prominent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films and few prominent white (10YR 8/1) dry, silt coatings on faces of peds; common medium rounded prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine and medium rounded prominent black (2.5Y 2.5/1) masses of manganese accumulation throughout; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Btg2--30 to 35 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; strong medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very firm; few very fine roots throughout; few very fine tubular pores; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and brown (10YR 4/3) clay films and very few prominent white (10YR 8/1) dry, silt coatings on faces of peds; few fine rounded prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine and medium rounded distinct black (2.5Y 2.5/1) masses of manganese accumulation throughout; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btg horizons is 6 to 42 inches)
2Btg3--35 to 48 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; very firm; few very fine roots throughout; few very fine tubular pores; few faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films and very few prominent white (10YR 8/1) dry, silt coatings on faces of peds; common fine and medium rounded prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine and medium rounded distinct black (2.5Y 2.5/1) masses of manganese accumulation throughout; krotovina, 15 percent; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 20 inches thick)
3Btgb1--48 to 63 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay loam; strong medium prismatic structure; very firm; few very fine roots throughout; few very fine and fine tubular pores; many prominent gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay films and very few prominent white (10YR 8/1) dry, silt coatings on faces of peds; common medium and coarse irregular prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few medium and coarse rounded distinct black (2.5Y 2.5/1) masses of manganese accumulation throughout; about 1 percent fine gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
3Btgb2--63 to 80 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay loam; strong medium and coarse prismatic structure; very firm; few very fine and fine tubular pores; many prominent gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay films and very few distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common medium and coarse irregular prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few coarse irregular distinct black (2.5Y 2.5/1) masses of manganese accumulation throughout; about 1 percent fine gravel; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Richland County, Illinois; 2 miles south and 3 1/2 miles west of Olney; located about 2842 feet west and 137 feet south of the northeast corner of sec 18, T. 3 N., R. 10 E.; USGS Noble, Illinois topographic quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees 41 minutes 59.43 seconds. N. and long. 88 degrees 8 minutes 23.86 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S 0400869 easting and 4283878 northing; NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to the base of the argillic horizon is more than 40 inches. The loess thickness ranges from 30 to 55 inches. The particle size control section averages 27 to 35 percent clay and less than 8 percent fine sand or coarser. Carbonates, if present, are deeper than 60 inches.
The Ap or A horizon has value of 2 or 3 (4 or 5 dry), and chroma of 1 or 2. It is silt loam. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral.
The Eg horizon has value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 1 or 2. It is silt loam. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid.
The BEtg and, where present, the BEg or B/Eg horizon, is silt loam or silty clay loam. It has value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 1 or 2. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid.
The Btg horizon is dominantly silty clay loam, but is silt loam in the upper part of some pedons. It has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 1 or 2. The average sand content ranges from 1 to 8 percent. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid.
The 2Btg horizon is silty clay loam, clay loam, loam, or silt loam. It has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 1 or 2. Average clay content ranges from 24 to 35 percent. Average sand content ranges from 10 to 25 percent, and average rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 10 percent by volume. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to neutral.
The 3Ab or 3Btgb horizon(s) is clay loam or silty clay loam. It has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or is neutral; value of 3 to 6; and chroma of 0 to 3. Average clay content ranges from 35 to 45 percent, average sand content ranges from 15 to 40 percent and rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 15 percent by volume.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Ansgar, Blanchester, Coppock, Cory, and Walford series. Ansgar soils are in areas of generally thinner loess, average more than 8 percent sand in the particle size control section, and have mean annual soil temperatures that are less than 56 degrees F. Blanchester soils have mean annual soil temperatures that are less than 56 degrees F. Coppock soils have an E horizon more than 14 inches thick. Cory soils average less than 8 percent sand in all parts of the series control section. Walford soils average less than 15 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Newberry soils are on broad summits or in shallow depressions on ground moraines. They commonly have gradients less than 1 percent, but slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. These soils formed in 30 to 55 inches of loess and the underlying silty or loamy deposits (Roxana silts) that overlie a Sangamon age paleosol. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 53 to 57 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 38 to 44 inches, frost free days range from 180 to 200, and elevation ranges from 400 to 600 feet above mean sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Cisne, Ebbert, Hoyleton, Richview, and Wynoose soils. Cisne soils are on similar positions to Newberry, and average more than 35 percent clay in the particle size control section. Ebbert soils have a mollic epipedon and are generally in adjacent or nearby deeper depressions. The somewhat poorly drained Hoyleton soils and the moderately well drained Richview soils are on ridges above Newberry soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. The potential runoff is negligible to medium. Permeability is moderately slow. An apparent water table is within 1 foot of the surface at some time between January and May in normal years. Ponding may occur to a depth of up to 0.5 foot above the surface at some time between January and May in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of Newberry soils are cultivated. Corn, soybeans, and small grain are the principal crops. Native vegetation is prairie grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Illinois. Newberry soils are moderately extensive (about 62,500 acres correlated). MLRA 113 and 114.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Cumberland County, Illinois, 1933.
REMARKS: With this update, the typical pedon site was moved and described to 80 inches to an area that captures the central concept of the series. The loess is presumed to be late Wisconsinan Peoria loess. The underlying silty or loamy deposits are presumed to be early Wisconsinan Roxana silt. The underlying sediments contain more sand than the overlying loess, and in some pedons they include pebbles of the Illinoian diamicton concentrated by erosion.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 16inches (Ap and Eg horizons);
albic horizon - the zone from approximately 9 to 16 inches (Eg horizon);
argillic horizon - the zone from approximately 16 to 80 inches (BEtg, Btg1, Btg2, 2Btg3, 3Btgb1, and 3Btgb2 horizons);
aquic conditions - chroma of 1 or 2 and redox concentrations in all layers below the Ap horizon; a positive reaction to alpha-alpha dipyridyl is assumed.