LOCATION NODAWAY                 IA+KS MO NE

Established Series
Rev. FFR-RJB-JRH
09/2016

NODAWAY SERIES

The Nodaway series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils formed in alluvium. These soils are on flood plains, upland drainageways, and alluvial fans. Slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 11 degrees C. Mean annual precipitation is about 830 millimeters.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, nonacid, mesic Mollic Udifluvents

TYPICAL PEDON: Nodaway silt loam, on a nearly level flood plain, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 284 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; many roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (15 to 25 centimeters thick)

C1--18 to 79 centimeters; stratified dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam; massive with weak thin alluvial stratification; friable; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

C2--79 to 107 centimeters; stratified very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam; massive with weak thin alluvial stratification; friable; few very thin strata of silt loam; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

C3--107 to 203 centimeters; stratified dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam; massive with weak thin alluvial stratification; friable; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 107B-Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills; Fremont County, Iowa subset; about 3 miles east of Sidney; about 771 meters (2,530 feet) north and 81 meters (265 feet) west of the southeast corner of section 30, T. 69 N., R. 41 W.; USGS Riverton topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 45 minutes 00 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 35 minutes 43 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to buried horizons--102 to more than 203 centimeters
Content of clay in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--18 to 35 percent
Content of sand in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--less than 15 percent fine sand or sand coarser than fine sand

Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--18 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 15 percent fine sand or sand coarser than fine sand
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral

C horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 to 5
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam, silty clay loam, or is stratified with these textures
Clay content--18 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 15 percent fine sand or sand coarser than fine sand
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral

Some pedons have strata with hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 2 to 4

Ab horizon (if present):
Hue--10YR or is neutral
Value--2, 2.5, or 3
Chroma--0 to 2
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content--20 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 15 percent fine sand or sand coarser than fine sand
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral

Bb horizon (if present):
Hue--10YR
Value--3
Chroma--2
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content--20 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 15 percent fine sand or sand coarser than fine sand
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral

Some pedons have very thin lenses of material coarser than silt loam within a depth of 102 centimeters

Some pedons are sandy below a depth of 152 centimeters

Some pedons have a silty clay substratum below a depth of 152 centimeters

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Eitzen series.
Eitzen--have buried horizons within depths of 51 to 91 centimeters

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--alluvium
Landform--flood plains, upland drainageways, and alluvial fans
Slope--0 to 5 percent
Elevation--152 to 427 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--9 to 12 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--710 to 940 millimeters
Frost-free period--150 to 180 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Colo, Dockery, Kennebec, and Napier soils.
Colo--are at lower elevations on flood plains, have a mollic epipedon more than 91 centimeters thick, and are saturated at the surface of the soil during the wettest periods in normal years
Dockery--are at slightly lower elevations on floodplains and are saturated at a depth of 0.5 meter during November to June in normal years
Kennebec--are in landform positions similar to those of the Nodaway soils, have a mollic epipedon more than 102 centimeters thick
Napier--are at higher elevations on base slopes, have a mollic epipedon 61 to 102 centimeters thick, and do not have a saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during April to June in normal years

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--a saturated zone occurs at a depth of 1.2 meters during April to June in normal years and is considered apparent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second (moderately high)
Surface runoff potential--negligible to low
Flooding--occasional to frequent flooding for very brief to long periods during the months of February to November resulting from precipitation events and snowmelt on flood plains and upland drainageways, rare flooding for very brief periods on alluvial fans

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn and soybeans. Some areas are in pasture with bluegrass and some cottonwood, willows, and hardwood trees and some areas are forested. The native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, indiangrass, switchgrass, other grasses of the tall grass prairie and scattered deciduous trees.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Till plains, Dissected till plains, Osage plain
MLRAs--Bluestem Hills (76); Nebraska and Kansas Loess-Drift Hills (106); Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills (107B); Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift (108C); Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift, Western Part; Iowa and Missouri Heavy Till Plain (109);, Central Mississippi Valley Wooded Slopes, Southern Part (115B); Central Mississippi Valley Wooded Slopes, Northern Part (115C)
LRR M and LRR H; Iowa, northern Missouri, southeastern Nebraska, and eastern Kansas
Extent--large

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Taylor County, Iowa, 1948.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (C1 and C2 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (Ap, C1, C2 and C3 horizons).

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 18 centimeters (Ap horizon);
redoximorphic concentrations--in the zone below a depth of 79 centimeters (C2 and C3 horizons);
udic moisture regime.

Cation-exchange activity class is supported by lab data from Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska, pedon number S1997IA047012.

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, twelfth edition, 2014.

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska, pedon number S1997IA047012.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.