LOCATION OTISVILLE NY+NJ OH PA
Established Series
Rev. WEH-JHW-JRS
06/2011
OTISVILLE SERIES
The Otisville series consists of very deep, excessively drained soils formed in outwash on Wisconsinan age terraces, kames, eskers, and beaches. Permeability is rapid in the solum and rapid or very rapid in the substratum. Slope ranges from 0 to 60 percent. Mean annual temperature is about 49 degrees F., and mean annual precipitation is about 40 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Udorthents
TYPICAL PEDON: Otisville gravelly sandy loam, in pasture. (Colors are for moist soil.)
Ap -- 0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; 25 percent gravel; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 10 inches thick)
Bw1 -- 6 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly loamy sand; very weak very fine granular structure; very friable; few fine roots; 30 percent gravel; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw2 -- 22 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very gravelly sand; single grain; loose; 40 percent gravel; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 9 to 25 inches thick.)
C -- 28 to 65 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) very gravelly sand; single grain; loose; 45 percent gravel; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Orange County, New York; 2.5 miles west southwest of Otisville, 0.35 mile northwest of railroad crossing at Cuddebackville. USGS Otisville, NY topographic quadrangle; Latitude 41 degrees, 28 minutes, 05 seconds N. and Longitude 74 degrees, 35 minutes, 33 seconds W., NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 14 to 36 inches. Rock fragments mainly consist of acid siltstone and shale, with some quartz.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4. In forested areas the A horizon is 1 to 3 inches thick. Texture ranges from loam to loamy sand in the fine-earth fraction. Consistence is friable or very friable. Structure is weak or moderate, very fine to medium, granular. Rock fragments range from 0 to 40 percent, and include up to 5 percent cobbles and stones. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to slightly acid. Areas that have been limed range to neutral.
The B horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 8. Texture ranges from loamy fine sand to coarse sand in the fine-earth fraction. Structure is very weak or weak, very fine to coarse, granular or subangular blocky, or is single grain. Rock fragments range from 20 to 75 percent, and include up to 10 percent cobbles and stones. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to slightly acid.
The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture ranges from loamy sand to coarse sand in the fine-earth fraction, and is commonly stratified. Rock fragments range from 30 to 70 percent, and include up to 15 percent cobbles and stones. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Bonaparte,
Hinckley,
Manchester,
Mecosta,
Multorpor,
Quonset and Riker (T) series. Bonaparte soils are slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline in the substratum. Hinckley soils have rock fragments consisting of granite, gneiss and schist. Manchester soils have hues of 5YR or redder in the substratum. Mecosta soils have carbonates within a depth of 15 to 40 inches. Multorpor soils have mean annual precipitation ranging from 80 to 120 inches. Quonset soils have rock fragments consisting of phyllite, shale, slate, schist and gneiss. Riker soils have carboliths and pieces of coal or coal slag in the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Otisville soils formed in Wisconsinan age outwash and are on long narrow ridges, summits, shoulders and sideslopes on terraces, kames and eskers on outwash plains, and on beaches and offshore bars on lake plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 60 percent. Mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 52 degrees F., and mean annual precipitation ranges from 29 to 50 inches. The frost free period ranges from 135 to 200 days, and elevation ranges from 570 to 860 feet above msl.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Alton,
Atherton,
Chenango,
Fredon,
Halsey,
Hinckley,
Hoosic,
Oakville,
Plymouth and
Tunkhannock series. The excessively drained Hinckley and Plymouth soils, somewhat excessively drained Alton, Chenango, Hoosic and Tunkhannock soils, and well drained Oakville soils are on similar landscape positions. The somewhat poorly drained Fredon soils, poorly drained Atherton soils, and very poorly drained Halsey soils are on lower landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Excessively drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from negligible to low. Permeability is rapid in the solum and rapid or very rapid in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: The soils are mainly idle or used for pasture, hay, corn, and small grain. Limited areas are in deciduous fruit trees. Woodlots are dominated by oak-hickory associations at the southern limit of the series while sugar maple and American beech are prominent near the northern limit.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: In widely scattered areas ranging from borders of the Adirondack Mountains of New York to northern New Jersey and northeastern Ohio. MLRAs 101, 139, 140, 144A, and 148, The series is moderately extensive, about 28,000 acres.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Jefferson County, New York, 1911.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - from a depth of 0 to 6 inches (Ap horizon).
Udic moisture regime.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.