LOCATION OUTUCHIWENAT            AK

Established Series
SAS/ABD/TJR
05/2022

OUTUCHIWENAT SERIES

Landscape--mountains
Landform--mountain slopes
Slope--10 to 60 percent
Parent material--colluvium over residuum
Mean annual precipitation--about 1250 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 0 degrees C
Depth class--moderately deep
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--udic
Soil temperature regime--gelic
Soil moisture subclass--typic

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, isotic, acid, subgelic Typic Humigelepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Outuchiwenat gravelly sandy loam on a south-southwest-facing, linear, concave mountain backslope, on a slope of 48 percent at an elevation of 764 m (The soil was moist throughout when described on July 18, 2012.)

A1--0 to 7 cm; gravelly sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; 20 percent gravel; very strongly acid (pH 4.5); clear smooth boundary

A2--7 to 60 cm; very gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and many fine roots; 35 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; very strongly acid (pH 5.0); clear smooth boundary

2Bw--60 to 78 cm; extremely gravelly sandy loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; 60 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; moderately acid (pH 5.7); clear wavy boundary

2Cr--78 cm; paralithic bedrock

TYPE LOCATION: Dillingham Census Area, Alaska, about 125 km northwest of the city of Dillingham; latitude 59.7507375 degrees north, longitude 160.2224320 degrees west, datum WGS 84 (coordinates determined with a GPS)

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature-- -1 to 0 degrees C
Soil moisture control section--dry less than 45 consecutive days in June through October (udic moisture regime)
Depth to paralithic contact--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) below the soil surface
Lithology of rock fragments--sedimentary, volcanic
Other features--lithologic discontinuity; umbric epipedon

All mineral horizons
*Base saturation--0 to 20 percent

Particle-size control section
*Clay content--3 to 15 percent
*Sand content--50 to 75 percent
*Total rock fragment content--35 to 85 percent
*Sodium fluoride pH--8.4 to 11.6
*Ratio of 1500 kPa water to measured clay-- 0.6 to 6.0

A1 horizon
Value--2 or 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry
Chroma--1 to 3 moist
Fine-earth texture--sandy loam, loam
Clay content--4 to 12 percent
Reaction--4.5 to 6.0
Gravel content--15 to 30 percent
Thickness--7 to 15 cm
Organic carbon content--2 to 4 percent

A2 horizon
Value--2 or 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry
Chroma--2 or 3 moist
Fine-earth texture--sandy loam, loam
Clay content--3 to 15 percent
Reaction--4.8 to 6.0
Total rock fragment content--35 to 85 percent
Gravel content--35 to 85 percent
Cobble content--0 to 15 percent
Thickness--12 to 53 cm
Organic carbon content--1 to 4 percent

2Bw or 2C horizon
Hue--7.5YR to 5Y
Value--2 to 4 moist, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma--3 or 4 moist
Clay content--3 to 15 percent
Reaction--5.0 to 6.0
Total rock fragment content--40 to 85 percent
Gravel content--40 to 85 percent
Cobble content--0 to 15 percent
Thickness--11 to 38 cm

COMPETING SERIES: None

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--200 to 1250 m
Climate--warm, moist summers; cold, moist winters
Mean annual precipitation--620 to 2200 mm
Mean annual air temperature-- -3.6 to 0.3 degrees C
Frost-free period--60 to 125 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Kashaiak--lithic contact; similar landscape positions
Buchia--more than 150 cm (very deep) to lithic bedrock; similar landscape positions

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--high throughout

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--wildlife habitat, recreation, subsistence
Potential natural vegetation--alpine sweetgrass, dwarf birch, variegated sedge, greygreen reindeer lichen and other reindeer lichens, cup lichens, black crowberry, Alaska bellheather, felt lichen, beauverd spirea, bog blueberry, lingonberry

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Ahklun Mountains, Alaska; MLRA 237; moderate extent

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: WASILLA, ALASKA

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Dillingham Census Area, Alaska; 2019

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features in this pedon
*Particle-size control section--zone from 25 to 78 cm
*Umbric epipedon--A horizon
*Cambic horizon--2Bw horizon
*Depth to paralithic contact--78 cm

See laboratory pedon number 13N44525 for loamy-skeletal material that has isotic mineralogy.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.