LOCATION OLDMAN MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, active, frigid Alfic Oxyaquic Fragiorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Oldman stony fine sandy loam on a 5 percent slope in a forested area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oa--1 to 0 inch; black (10YR 2/1) well decomposed leaf litter; very friable; many fine and medium roots; about 5 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles, and 15 percent stones; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary ( 1 to 3 inches thick)
A--0 to 4 inches; black (5YR 2/1) stony fine sandy loam, dark gray (5YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine to coarse roots; about 5 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles, and 15 percent stones; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
E--4 to 5 inches; reddish gray (5YR 5/2) stony fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine to coarse roots; about 5 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles, and 15 stones; strongly acid; clear broken boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
Bhs1--5 to 8 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) very cobbly fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine to coarse roots; discontinuous weakly cemented ortstein; about 15 percent gravel, 15 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bhs2--8 to 13 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) very cobbly fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; about 15 percent gravel, 15 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bhs horizon is 2 to 11 inches)
Bs--13 to 19 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) very gravelly fine sandy loam; strong thick platy structure; firm; few fine and medium roots; thin discontinuous root mat along boundary with fragipan; common fine vesicular pores; about 25 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. ( 0 to 8 inches thick)
(B/E)x--19 to 26 inches; about 75 percent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) very gravelly sandy loam (Bt); few faint reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; surrounded by light reddish brown (5YR 6/3) very gravelly sandy loam (E); many coarse prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) and many coarse distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) mottles; strong thick platy structure; firm; many very fine vesicular pores; about 25 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. ( 5 to 12 inches thick)
(E/B)x--26 to 46 inches; about 70 percent pinkish gray (5YR 6/2) very gravelly fine sandy loam (E); surrounding peds of reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) (B) very gravelly fine sandy loam; few fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) mottles; strong thick and medium platy structure; very firm; few fine vesicular pores; about 25 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (15 to 30 inches thick)
E/B--46 to 60 inches; about 65 percent pinkish gray (5YR 6/2) very gravelly fine sandy loam (E); surrounding peds of reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) very gravelly fine sandy loam (Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; about 25 percent gravel, 15 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Chippewa County, Michigan; about 1 mile north of Baie de Wasai on Sugar Island; 2,650 feet north and 2,375 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 12, T. 47 N., R. 1 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The solum thickness ranges from 35 to greater than 60 inches. Depth to the fragipan is 16 to 30 inches. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid in the solum. Gravel content ranges from 5 to 20 percent in the surface horizons and from 15 to 40 percent in lower part of the profile. Cobble and stone content ranges from 10 to 40 percent throughout the profile.
The A horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. The E horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. The A and E horizons are cobbly, stony, very cobbly or very stony analogs of fine sandy loam or sandy loam.
The Bhs horizons have value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 2 or 3. The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 4 to 6. Textures are very gravelly or very cobbly analogs of fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or silt loam.
The B part of the (B/E)x horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, and value of 4 to 6. The E part has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. Textures are very gravelly or very cobbly analogs of fine sandy loam or sandy loam. The (E/B)x horizon has similar colors and textures to the (B/E)x horizons.
The E part of the E/B horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. The B part has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR and value of 4 or 5. Textures are very gravelly or very cobbly analogs of fine sandy loam or sandy loam.
Some pedons have C horizons with hue of 7.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 or 5. Textures are similar to the E/B horizon.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. Closely related are the Munising and Velvet soils. Munising soils contain fewer rock fragments throughout the profile. Velvet soils are coarser textured in the fine earth fraction of the control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Oldman soils are on level uplands and side slopes of ground and end moraines. Slope gradients range from 0 to 35 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 25 to 37 inches, and mean annual temperature ranges from 38 to 42 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Gay, Ontonagon, and Velvet soils. The poorly drained Gay soils are in depressions and drainageways. The well drained, clayey Ontonagon soils and the sandy- skeletal Velvet soils are adjacent to the Oldman soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: These soils are moderately well drained. Surface runoff is slow. Permeability is moderately rapid in the upper part, very slow in the fragipan, and moderately slow below the fragipan.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are forested. Common species include sugar maple, northern red oak, white ash, yellow birch, quaking aspen, and American basswood.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan. This series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Chippewa County, Michigan 1989.
REMARKS: Classification revised to agree woth ST Issue #17 on 6 Sept 94 by CLG. Diagnostic horizons and properties recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 4 inches (A horizon); albic horizon - the zone from 4 to 5 inches (E horizon); spodic horizon - the zone from 5 to 19 inches (Bhs1, Bhs2 and Bs horizons); fragipan - the zone from 19 to 46 inches ((B/E)x and (E/B)x horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from 19 to 26 inches (Bt part of (B/E)x horizon).