LOCATION PAKA NE
Established Series
Rev. LGR
06/2022
PAKA SERIES
The Paka series consists of deep, well drained moderately and moderately slowly permeable soils formed in loamy materials weathered from siltstone. These upland soils have slopes ranging from 0 to 40 percent. Mean annual temperature is 50 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation is about 22 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Paka loam - on a 10 percent convex north-facing slope in rangeland. When described, the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium and fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; many medium, and fine roots; neutral; clear irregular boundary. (7 to 20 inches thick)
Bt1--8 to 16 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium and fine subangular blocky; hard, firm; common fine roots; thin patchy clay films on faces of peds, and common dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) tongues of A horizon on ped faces; slightly alkaline; clear irregular boundary. (5 to 8 inches thick)
Bt2--16 to 21 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and fine subangular blocky; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; thin continuous clay films on peds; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
Bk--21 to 26 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; 4 percent calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 18 inches thick)
C--26 to 48 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/3) silt loam, weathered from siltstone; pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; massive; hard, friable; 6 percent calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
Cr--48 to 80 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) weakly cemented siltstone; silt loam when crushed; pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; massive; hard, friable; 6 percent calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Boyd County, Nebraska; about 5 miles west and 2 1/2 miles south of Naper, Nebraska; 0.3 mile south and 0.15 mile east of the northwest corner of sec. 15, T. 34 N., R. 16 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the solum typically is 25 to 45 inches and ranges from 20 to 38 inches. Depth to siltstone bedrock is 40 to 60 inches. Free carbonates, either disseminated throughout the soil mass or as concretions, are typically at depths of 18 to 25 inches and range from 16 to 30 inches.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 through 5 and 2 through 4 moist, and chroma of 1 through 3. It commonly is loam and less commonly silt loam, silty clay loam, fine sandy loam, and sandy loam.
The Bt horizons have hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y; value of 4 through 7; and 3 through 6 moist, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is silt loam, clay loam or silty clay loam and averages between 24 and 35 percent clay. It is neutral or slightly alkaline.
The Bk horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y; value of 5 through 7; and 4 through 6 moist; and chroma of 2 through 4. It is silty clay loam, clay loam or loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y; value of 7 or 8; and 5 through 7 moist; and chroma of 2 through 4. It is silty clay loam, silt loam or very fine sandy loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
The Cr horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y; value of 7 or 8 and 6 or 7 moist; and chroma of 2 through 4. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Agar,
Eakin,
Fairlo,
Highmore,
Holdrege,
Monticello, and
Northdale series. Agar and Holdrege soils formed in silty loess. In addition, the Holdrege soils do not occur over siltstone, and are free of carbonates to a greater depth. Eakin soils formed in a silty mantle overlying glacial till within a depth of 19 to 30 inches. Fairlo soils have clayey textures within a depth of 40 inches. Highmore soils have mottles in the lower part and have formed in silty glacial drift. Monticello and Northdale soils have redder hue. In addition, the Northdale soils are formed mainly from the mantling sediments, but in part from weathered sandstone and Monticello soils are in a drier climate.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils are on uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 40 percent. The Paka soils formed in loamy materials weathered from siltstone of pre-Ogallala or Ogallala. Mean annual temperature is about 47 to 50 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation is about 20 to 24 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Anselmo,
Boyd,
Dunday,
Gavins,
Labu,
Meadin,
Oneill,
Onita, and
Reliance. Anselmo and Dunday soils are coarser textured and formed in sandy and loamy sediments. They occur generally above Paka soils. Boyd and Labu soils have finer textures and are formed in
Pierre shale on lower side slopes; Gavins soils have weathered siltstone within depths of 20 inches and occur in similar positions as Paka soils. Meadin and Oneill soils have gravelly sand underlying materials and are higher on the landscape. Onita and Reliance soils formed in loess, have fine textured subsoils and are higher on the landscape. They occur above Paka soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is low to very high. Permeability is typically moderate but ranges to include moderately slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Commonly the nearly level to strongly sloping areas are cropped to corn, sorghum, and alfalfa. Steeper areas are in native grass used for rangeland. Native vegetation is mid and tall grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North central Nebraska and perhaps south central South Dakota. The Paka series is moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Pierce County, Nebraska, 1970.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: 0 to 8 inches (A horizon)
Argillic horizon: 8 to 21 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.