LOCATION PAPOOSE                 NV+UT

Established Series
Rev. JBF/WED
04/2012

PAPOOSE SERIES

The Papoose series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in mixed alluvium derived from mixed rocks. Papoose soils are on fan remnants, fan piedmonts, lake plains and fan skirts. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 175 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 12 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Haplargids

TYPICAL PEDON: Papoose sandy loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A--0 to 8 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak medium platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine and medium roots; many fine and medium vesicular pores; slightly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.5); abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 15 cm thick)

Bt1--8 to 18 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine and medium roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; slightly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.5); clear wavy boundary. (8 to 15 cm thick)

Bt2--18 to 41 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and plastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine tubular pores; many thin clay films in pores and on peds; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.5); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 30 cm thick)

Bk--41 to 66 cm; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fine sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; very weak medium and fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; 10 percent fine gravel; strongly effervescent with common fine prominent very pale brown (10YR 8/2) lime segregations; strongly alkaline (pH 8.5); clear smooth boundary. (20 to 64 cm thick)

2C1--66 to 84 cm; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) gravelly loamy sand, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots; many fine and medium interstitial pores; 25 percent fine gravel; slightly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.5); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 56 cm thick)

2C2--84 to 152 cm; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) very gravelly coarse sand, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; single grained, loose; common grading to few very fine roots; many fine and medium interstitialpores; 50 percent gravel; slightly effervescent but noneffervescent in places, some gravel have a thin lime coating on lower sides; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).

TYPE LOCATION: Lincoln County, Nevada; about 1,150 feet west and 630 feet north of the southeast corner of section 32, T. 3 S., R. 55 E.; latitude 38 degrees 12 minutes and 0 seconds N and longitude 115 degrees 48 minutes and 38 seconds W; NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry, moist in some part for short period during winter and early spring months and for 10 to 20 days cumulative between July to October due to convection storms; typic aridic soil moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 12 to 15 degrees C.
Carbonates: Noneffervescent through violently effervescent.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Depth to base of Bt horizon: 25 to 50 cm.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: Averages 18 to 27 percent.
Rock fragments: 0 to 20 percent.

A horizon
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4.
Structure: Platy or massive.

Bt horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4.
Texture: Sandy clay loam, sandy loam or gravelly sandy clay loam, fine sandy loam gravelly loam.
Structure: Prismatic, subangular blocky or massive.
Consistence: Friable or very friable moist.

Bk horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4.
Structure: Subangular blocky, granular or massive.
Consistence: Soft or slightly hard dry

2C horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4.
Texture: Loamy sand through coarse sand.
Rock fragments: 15 to 60 percent, some subhorizon within 100 cm has 35 to 60 percent rock fragments.
Structure: Massive or single grained
Consistence: Soft or slightly hard dry or is loose
Other features: Bt3 horizon present in some pedons.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bacobi, Frisite, Grazone, Griffy, Kiki, Neiber, Redlands, Saddle and Tijeras series.

Bacobi and Grazone soils have paralithic contact at 50 to 100 cm. Kiki, Neiber and Saddle soils have hard bedrock at 50 to 100 cm. Frisite soils have soil temperatures of 8 to 11 degrees C. Griffy soils lack very gravelly strata within 100 cm. Redland soils have hues of 2.5YR or 5YR. Tijeras soils contain granitic rock fragments.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Papoose soils are on and fan piedmonts, lake plain, fan remnants and fan skirts. These soils formed in loamy alluvium derived mainly from tuffs, basalt, and andesite with a small admixture of limestone and quartzite. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. Elevations are 1.280 to 1,890 meters. The climate is cool, semiarid with cool, moist winters and warm dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 125 to 200 mm, mean annual temperature is 11 to 13 degrees C, and the average frost-free season is 130 to 150 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Belted, Cliffdown, Fang, Stumble, Timper, and Tickapoo soils. Belted soils have a strongly cemented duripan below a thin sandy clay loam Bt horizon. Cliffdown, Fang and Stumble soils lack diagnostic subsurface horizons. Also, Cliffdown soils are loamy-skeletal; Fang soils are coarse-loamy; and Stumble soils are sandy. Timper and Tickapoo soils have a strongly cemented duripan.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; slow runoff; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. Small areas are irrigated. Alfalfa and small grains are the principal crops. The present vegetation on rangeland is winterfat, bud sagebrush, fourwing saltbush and some Indian ricegrass and galleta.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Nevada. These soils are moderately extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lincoln County (BLM Duckwater Planning Unit), Nevada, 1974.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 8 cm (A horizon).
Argillic horizon - The zone from 8 to 41 cm (Bt horizons)
Lithologic discontinuity - The boundary at 66 cm (2C1 horizon).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 8 to 41 cm (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.