LOCATION PATCHIN NY

Established Series
DWO-ERS-SWF
06/2011

PATCHIN SERIES

The Patchin series consists of moderately deep, poorly drained soils formed in till. They are in slightly concave portions of bedrock controlled landscapes that receive surface runoff from adjacent soils. Bedrock is at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. Slope ranges from 0 to 4 percent. Mean annual temperature is 48 degrees F., and mean annual precipitation is 37 inches.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, acid, mesic Typic Endoaquepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Patchin silt loam on a 1 percent slope in a idle area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)

Ap -- 0 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; very friable; many medium to very fine roots; many very fine pores; few fine distinct black (5Y 2/1) concretions; common fine distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/3) concentrations of iron oxides; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick.)

Eg -- 10 to 14 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; moderate thick platy structure; friable; few fine and very fine roots; few fine pores; 5 percent rock fragments; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron oxides; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick.)

Bg -- 14 to 20 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) light silty clay loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and very fine roots; few fine pores; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt coats on vertical faces of peds; 10 percent rock fragments; many medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) areas of iron oxide concentrations and common coarse distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) areas of iron depletions; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 15 inches thick.)

BCg -- 20 to 23 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) channery silt loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium platy; firm; few fine pores; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt coats on vertical faces of peds; 20 percent soft rock fragments; many medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) areas of iron oxide concentrations and many medium faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) areas of iron depletions; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick.)

2R -- 23 inches, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) soft shale bedrock.

TYPE LOCATION: Erie County, New York; Town of Aurora, 30 feet in field on south side of Bailey Road, 0.3 mile west of Lewis Road. USGS Holland, NY topographic quadrangle; Latitude 42 degrees, 42 minutes, 16 seconds N. and Longitude 78 degrees, 36 minutes, 52 seconds W. NAD 1927.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 36 inches. Depth to bedrock ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Rock fragments, dominantly shale, range from 0 to 10 percent in the upper part of the solum and from 0 to 25 percent in the lower part of the solum, and in the substratum. This includes up to 5 percent rock fragments greater than 3 inches in diameter in the lower part of the solum and in the substratum. Thin subhorizons may contain up to 35 percent shale fragments just above the bedrock. Unless limed, reaction is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the soil.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2 through 4 and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture of the fine earth fraction is silt loam or silty clay loam. Structure is weak or moderate, fine or medium granular or subangular blocky structure. Consistence is very friable or friable.

The Eg horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 or 7, and chroma of 2 or less. Texture of the fine-earth fraction is silt loam or silty clay loam. Structure is weak or moderate thick to thin platy.

The Bg horizon has hue of 10YR through 5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 2 or less. Texture of the fine earth fraction is silt loam or silty clay loam. The Bg horizon has weak or moderate, fine to coarse subangular blocky structure or prismatic parting to blocky. In the lower part, it can have plate-like divisions which are inherited from the weathered bedrock.

The BCg horizon has color and texture range similar to the Bg horizon.

A C or Cr horizon up to 6 inches thick occurs in some pedons. Color range is the same as the B horizon. Texture of the fine-earth fraction is silt loam or silty clay loam. It is massive, witb or without plate-like divisions.

COMPETING SERIES: There are no known competing series in the same family.

Fremont and Orpark soils are similar soils in a related family. Fremont soils have bedrock at depths greater than 40 inches. Orpark soils have matrix colors dominated with chroma greater than 2 in at least one subhorizon between the base of the Ap and a depth of 30 inches.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Patchin soils occupy depressional areas in bedrock-controlled till uplands. These depressional areas receive surface runoff from adjacent soils. Slope ranges from 0 to 4 percent, though slopes less than 2 percent dominate. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 46 to 56 degrees F., mean annual precipitation from 30 to 45 inches, and the mean frost-free period ranges from 120 to 180 days. Elevation ranges from 800 to 1650 feet above sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Allis, Hornell, and Derb soils. Allis and Hornell soils are often on nearby landscapes, but both soils have a fine particle-size control section. Derb soils are deep and very deep and have a fine-silty particle-size control section.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible or low. Permeability is moderately slow in the surface layer, and slow in the subsoil and substratum.

USE AND VEGETATION: Though most areas were cleared and used to grow hay and pasture crops, almost all of these areas have been abandoned and are now reverting to brushy woodland. Native vegetation is red maple, white ash, hemlock, and white cedar.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Allegheny Plateau and the adjacent fringe areas of the Erie-Ontario lake plains of New York and possibly Pennsylvania. MLRAs 101, and 140. The series is of small extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Erie County, 1979.

REMARKS: Most of the shale fragments in the B or C horizons break up during laboratory preparation. Original classification placed Patchin in the subgroup of Aeric Haplaquepts. Because of changes established in the 5th and 6th editions of `Keys to Soil Taxonomy' this soil now classifies in the new subgroup of Typic Endoaquepts. Competing series may change as similar soils are reclassified. Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in the typical pedon are:

1) Ochric epipedon - from 0 to 14 inches (Ap and E horizon)
2) Cambic horizon - from 14 to 23 inches (Bg and BCg horizons)
3) Typic subgroup - as evidenced by the dominance (50% or more) of 2 chroma or less in the matrix of all subhorizons between the base of the Ap horizon and a depth of 30 inches.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.