LOCATION PECKMANTOWN NJEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-silty, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Fragiudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Peckmantown loam, 5 percent slope, in a woodland within a built up area at an elevation of about 430 feet. (Colors are for moist unless otherwise indicated.)
A--0 to 0.5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam; moderate fine granular structure; friable; few fine roots; extremely acid (pH 4.2); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 3 inches thick)
Ap--0.5 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; moderate fine granular structure; friable; few fine, medium and coarse roots; extremely acid (pH 4.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (7 to 14 inches thick)
BAt--8 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine, medium and coarse roots; few patchy faint clay films on vertical faces of peds; strongly acid (pH 5.3); very abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
Bt--14 to 27 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silt loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine, medium and coarse roots; common patchy distinct clay films on vertical faces of peds and common continuous distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on surfaces along root channels; strongly acid (pH 5.4); gradual wavy boundary. (12 to 25 inches thick)
Btx1--27 to 37 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate thick platy; firm, brittle; few coarse roots; common fine vesicular pores; common continuous prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on vertical faces of peds; few fine prominent black (N 2/) manganese films; strongly acid (pH 5.3); clear wavy boundary.
Btx2--37 to 40 inches; 60 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and 40 percent, pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak thick platy structure; firm, brittle; few fine roots; few fine vesicular pores; common continuous prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on vertical faces of peds; few fine prominent black (N 2/) manganese films; moderately acid (pH 5.6); abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btx horizons is 15 to 25 inches.)
BCtx--40 to 59 inches; 35 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 35 percent light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) and 30 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silt loam; weak thick platy structure; firm, brittle; few fine roots; few fine vesicular pores; few continuous faint clay films on vertical faces of peds; few fine prominent black (N 2/ ) manganese films; moderately acid (pH 5.7); clear wavy boundary.
2C1--59 to 63 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) loamy coarse sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; 4 percent coarse gravel; few continuous prominent iron coats on rock fragments; moderately acid (pH 5.8); abrupt wavy boundary.
2C2--63 to 74 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) coarse sand; single grain; loose, firm in place; 1 percent coarse gravel; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary.
2C3--74 to 88 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) coarse sand; single grain; loose, firm in place; 10 percent medium gravel; moderately acid (pH 6.0).
TYPE LOCATION: Essex County, New Jersey; town of Cedar Grove, in the Essex County Hospital Center; 500 feet east of the parking lot on Fairview Ave. and 1000 feet southwest of Winding Way. USGS Orange topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 51 minutes 16.69 seconds N, longitude 74 degrees 14 minutes 24.88 seconds W, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 30 to 60 inches. Depth to the fragipan ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches. Coarse fragments are commonly lacking but can range up to 15 percent in the solum and up to 35 percent in the 2C or C horizon. Unless limed, the reaction is extremely acid or strongly acid in the A horizon and strongly acid or moderately acid in the B and 2C or C horizons.
Some pedons have O horizons up to 2 inches thick.
The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 10YR, value of 2 to 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is silt, silt loam, loam or very fine sandy loam, and structure is commonly very fine to medium granular but includes subangular blocky.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 5 and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is silt loam, loam or very fine sandy loam, and structure is fine or medium subangular blocky.
The Btx horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, silt loam, and loam. Structure is weak to strong, thin to thick platy and moderate or strong, fine to medium subangular blocky. The Btx horizon is firm or very firm, and brittle.
The 2C or C horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 5 and chroma of 3 to 8. Texture is fine sand, sand, coarse sand, loamy sand, or sandy loam in the fine earth fraction, and structure is massive to single grain. Stratification is present in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Peckmantown soils are on nearly level to moderately steep slopes on deltas and lacustrine fans. Slope ranges from 0 to 15 percent. The soil formed in glaciolacustrine materials overlying glacial outwash derived mostly from basalt, red sandstone, and granitic gneiss. The climate is humid. The mean annual temperature ranges from 50 to 55 degree F. and precipitation ranges from 44 to 55 inches. Frost-free season is 156 to 184 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Boonton, Horseneck, Hinckley and Knickerbocker soils are on nearby landscapes. The coarse-loamy, well and moderately well drained Boonton soils formed in till on uplands. The sandy, somewhat excessively drained Knickerbocker and moderately well drained Horseneck soils lack a fragipan and argillic horizon and are on deltaic plains. The sandy-skeletal, excessively drained Hinckley soils lack a fragipan and argillic horizon and are on eskers and deltas.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Permeability is moderately rapid in the surface horizons, slow or very slow throughout the fragipan, and moderately rapid to very rapid in the substratum. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high in the surface horizons, low to moderately high in the fragipan, and high or very high in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Peckmantown soils are commonly in highly urbanized areas. The few undeveloped areas are commonly wooded with white pine, Norway spruce, black cherry, oaks, and red maple.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeast New Jersey between the first and second Watchung Mountains in the Moggy Hollow glacial stage of Lake Passaic; MLRA 144A. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts.
SERIES PROPOSED: Essex County, New Jersey, 2000.
REMARKS: The Peckmantown series is proposed as a well drained soil formed in stratified medium-textured over coarse-textured sediments. It is named for a settlement along the Peckman River. Cation exchange activity class placement is based upon available data.
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon include:
1. Ochric Epipedon - the zone from 0 to 8 inches (A and Ap horizons).
2. Argillic Horizon - the zone from 8 to 40 inches (BAt, Bt and Btx horizons).
3. Fragipan - the zone from 27 to 59 inches (Btx and BCtx horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Reference samples from pedon S00NJ013-004 (1P330), samples 1P2030-2039 from Essex County, New Jersey, samples by NSSL, Lincoln, NE, 12/2000.