LOCATION PEMENE MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Haplic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Pemene loamy fine sand - on a southeast-facing slope of 4 percent in a forested area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oe--2 inches to 0; black (10YR 2/1) partially decomposed leaf litter. (0 to 3 inches thick)
A--0 to 2 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 3 inches thick)
E--2 to 15 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loamy fine sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots; few fine dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) organic stains; about 2 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 17 inches thick)
E/B--15 to 21 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loamy fine sand (E); weak medium platy structure; very friable; occupying about 70 percent of the horizon which completely surrounds remnants of reddish brown (5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam (Bt); weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) organic stains; about 3 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
Bt--21 to 30 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; continuous faint dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; about 3 percent gravel and 3 percent cobbles; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 14 inches thick)
2BC--30 to 37 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; about 10 percent gravel and 4 percent cobbles; slightly alkaline, clear wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
2C1--37 to 52 inches; light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) gravelly loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; discontinuous carbonate accumulations in root pores and on cobble surfaces; about 10 percent gravel and 7 percent cobbles; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.
2C2--52 to 60 inches; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) loamy sand; massive; friable; about 9 percent gravel and 3 percent cobbles; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Menominee County, Michigan; about 10 miles west and 2.5 miles south of Stephenson; 100 feet south and 200 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 6, T. 34 N., R. 28 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 24 to greater than 60 inches. The solum ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid in the upper part and from neutral to slightly alkaline in the lower part. The C horizon is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 10 percent in the upper part of the sola and from 5 to 30 percent in the BC and C horizons. Volume of cobbles range from 0 to 15 percent throughout the profile. Stones covering the surface range from 0 to 1 percent.
The A horizon has 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR hue or is neutral; value of 2 or 3; and chroma of 0 to 2. Where present, the Ap horizon has 10YR or 7.5YR hue, value and chroma of 2 to 4. The A or Ap is loamy fine sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.
The E horizon has 5YR or 7.5YR hue, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. It has textures like the A or Ap horizon. The E part of the E/B horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 2 to 6. It has textures similar to that of the E horizon. The Bt portion of the E/B horizon has similar colors and textures as the Bt horizon. Clay content of the upper solum ranges from 3 to 15 percent and the content of particles coarser than very fine sand is more than 50 percent.
The Bt horizon has 5YR or 7.5YR hue, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is fine sandy loam or sandy loam. Clay content of the argillic horizon ranges from 10 to 18 percent. Some pedons that do not have Bt horizons have B/E horizons. Some pedons have E and Bt horizons below the B/E horizon.
The 2BC horizon has 5YR or 7.5YR hue, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is loamy sand, sandy loam or gravelly loamy sand.
The 2C horizon has 5YR or 7.5YR hue, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is loamy sand, loamy fine sand,sandy loam, or the gravelly analogs. Small pockets of sand and gravel occur in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Automba, Goodland, and Itasca series in the same family and the Leelanau series. Automba soils do not have E horizons of loamy fine sand or loamy sand. The Goodland and Itaska soils have E and Bw horizons which contain less than 50 percent of particles fine sand or coarser. Leelanau soils have spodic horizons.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Pemene soils are on ground moraines and end moraines. Slopes range from 0 to 40 percent. These soils formed in loamy sand glacial till. Mean annual temperature ranges from 42 to 45 degrees F, and the mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 32 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the excessively drained Rubicon, well drained Rousseau, and well drained Onaway soils that are on similar landscapes. The somewhat poorly drained Charlevoix and poorly drained Ensley soils are nearby in depressional areas.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well Drained. Permeability is moderately rapid or moderate. Surface runoff is slow to rapid.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are forested with northern red oak, red maple, white birch, quaking aspen, and white pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Upper Peninsula of Michigan and possibly northern Wisconsin.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Menominee County, Michigan, 1985.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 2 inches (A horizon); argillic horizon - the zone from 21 to 30 inches (Bt horizon); glossic horizon - the zone from 15 to 21 inches (E/B horizon).