LOCATION POINT WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aquic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Point loamy sand - on a 5 percent convex slope in a clover meadow at an elevation of about 1,185 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable, many fine fibrous roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 9 inches thick.)
E--7 to 14 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy fine sand; weak very thin platy structure; friable; common fine fibrous roots; many medium distinct and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (2 to 12 inches thick)
2E--14 to 20 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sandy loam; weak very thin platy structure; friable; few fine fibrous roots; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and strong brown( 7.5YR 5/8) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
2E/B--20 to 26 inches; 80 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam (E); weak thin platy structure; friable; many fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; extends as tongues into or completely surrounds remnants of yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam (Bt); common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 8 inches thick.)
2Bt1--26 to 34 inches; variegated strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), yellowish red (5YR 5/8), and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay loam; moderate fine angular blocky structure; firm; common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt2--34 to 36 inches; variegated brown (7.5YR 4/4) brown (7.5YR 4/2), brown (7.5YR 5/4), and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) loam; moderate fine and medium angular blocky structure; firm; common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt3--36 to 40 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; common fine distinct and prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) mottles; weak medium subangular and angular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of some peds; about 8 percent angular gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizons ranges from 5 to 25 inches.)
2C--40 to 60 inches; variegated brown (10YR 5/3), light gray (10YR 7/2), strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and pale red (10R 6/2) loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocks; firm; few faint clay films on vertical faces of some peds; about 8 percent angular gravel; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Wood County, Wisconsin; about 1 1/2 miles north of Milladore; 300 feet south and 2440 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 25, T. 25 N., R. 5 E. USGS Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, Wis. Quad. Latitude 44 degrees 37 minutes 35 seconds N. Longitude 89 degrees 51 minutes 15 seconds W. NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 24 to 50 inches. Thickness of the sandy mantle ranges from 10 to 20 inches. The particle-size control section averages between 18 and 30 percent clay and between 15 and 50 percent fine sand or coarser. Rock fragments typically are absent in the sandy mantle but volume of gravel (mostly rounded) ranges up to 5 percent in some pedons. Volume gravel (mostly angular) ranges from 0 to 15 percent in the loamy part of the solum (2E, 2B) and from 5 to 30 percent in the substratum. Volume of angular cobbles ranges from 0 to 5 percent in the loamy part of the solum and 0 to 20 percent in the substratum. Reaction naturally ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid in the sandy mantle but ranges to neutral, where the soil is limed. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid in the till or residuum. Redox accumulations are throughout the soil below the A horizon. Redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less are in the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon and saturation occurs there for some time in most years.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Uncultivated pedons have an A horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture of the Ap or A horizon is loamy sand.
Some pedons have a Bs horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. However, these horizons aretoo thin or do not meet the chemical requirements for a spodic horizon.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is loamy sand or loamy fine sand.
The 2E horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. texture is fine sandy loam or sandy loam.
Point soils have a glossic horizon (2E/B or 2B/E horizons, or both). The E part has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is fine sandy loam or sandy loam. The Bt part has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR and value and chroma of 4 or 5. Texture is sandy loam, loam, or clay loam.
The 2Bthorizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y; value of 3 to 5; and chroma of 2 to 8. Value of 3 does not occur with chroma of 2 or 3. Less than 20 percent of the matrix has chroma of 2. Texture is loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam.
The 2C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 8. Colors are often variegated. Texture is loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or the cobbly or gravelly analogs of these textures.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Alstad,
Big Iron,
Keewatin,
Kert,
Meadland,
Milladore,
Nary,
Rietbrock, and
Withee series. None of thses soils have a 10 to 20 inch thick sandy mantle.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Point soils are on ground moraine underlain by igneous and metamorphic bedrock. Slopes range from 1 to 6 percent. These soils formed in a thin sandy mantle and in the underlying loamy glacial till or loamy residuum or a mixture of the two. The glacial stratigraphy in the area where these soils occur has not been fully worked out. The till is derived mainly from the local residuum. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 26 to 35 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 40 to 45 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Dancy, Guenther, Meadland, Mosinee, and Rozellville soils. The more sloping, well drained or moderately well drained Guenther soils and the depressional or nearly level, poorly drained Dancy soils are in a drainage sequence with the Point soils. The well drained Mosinee soils and the well drained and moderately well drained Rozellville soils are on nearby more sloping areas. Meadland soils occupy similar landscape positions. Mosinee soils are loamy-skeletal.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from negligible to low. Permeability is moderately rapid or rapid in the sandy mantle and moderate or moderately slow in the till or residuum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Many areas remain in cutover woodland. Natural vegetation is mixed conifers and hardwoods. Some areas have been cleared and are used for pastureland or cropland. Common crops are corn, small grains, and hay.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Wisconsin, in Wood County. These soils are of small extent. (When 17,600 acres correlated as Point sandy loam in Portage County are correlated to the Meadland series, this soil will only be in Wood County and will have small extent.)
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Wood County, Wisconsin, 1971.
REMARKS: Field experience indicates that these soils have some evidence of glacial till overlying the residuum or a mixture of till and residuum in the lower part of the profile.
2006 This revision redefines the series to require a thin (10-20) sandy mantle over the till. This was done to differentiate it from the Meadland series. There are 17,600 acres correlated in Portage County as Point sandy loam that should be correlated to the Meadland series.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon - 0 to 7 inches (Ap);
albic horizon - 7 to 26 inches (E1, E2, E part of E/B); glossic horizon 20 to 26 inches (E/B);
argillic horizon - 26 to 40 inches (2Bt1, 2Bt2, 2Bt3);
aquic feature redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less and saturation in the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon.