LOCATION PUCHYAN WI
Established Series
Rev. HFG-AAC
01/2011
PUCHYAN SERIES
The Puchyan series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils formed in a mantle of sandy eolian deposits; in the underlying loamy transition layer; and in loess or other silty deposits underlain by loamy till on moraines. Slope ranges from 2 to 12 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 787 mm (31 inches). Mean annual air temperature is about 8.9 degrees C (48 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Arenic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Puchyan loamy fine sand - on a 4 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 277 meters (910 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy fine sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [18 to 28 cm (7 to 11 inches) thick]
Bw1--23 to 33 cm (9 to 13 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--33 to 69 cm (13 to 27 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of Bw horizons ranges from 25 to 76 cm (10 to 30 inches).]
2Bt1--69 to 76 cm (27 to 30 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt2--76 to 91 cm (30 to 36 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizons ranges from 8 to 25 cm (3 to 10 inches).]
3Bt3--91 to 117 cm (36 to 46 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [25 to 76 cm (10 to 30 inches).]
3C--117 to 137 cm (46 to 54 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; massive; friable; firm in places; few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
4C--137 to 152 cm (54 to 60 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly loam; massive; 18 percent gravel and 4 percent cobbles; friable, firm in places; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Dodge County, Wisconsin; 4 miles northeast of Columbus; 2,470 feet south and 100 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 27, T. 11 N., R. 13 E. USGS Lost Lake, Wisconsintopographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 23 minutes 38 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 56 minutes 39 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of argillic horizon: 91 to 152 cm (36 to 60 inches)
Thickness of the loess or other silty material: 38 cm or more (15 inches or more)
Thickness of the sandy mantle: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to till and to carbonates: 127 cm or more (50 inches or more)
Rock fragments in the sandy mantle, in the loamy transition, and in the loess: 0 percent
Volume of gravel in the till: 5 to 20 percent
Volume of cobbles in the till: 1 to 10 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid in the sandy mantle, slightly alkaline, when limed; strongly acid to neutral in the loamy transition and in the loess; slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline in the till
Redox features and saturation: within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches)
Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loamy fine sand or fine sand
A horizon;
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loamy fine sand or fine sand
Bw horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loamy fine sand or fine sand
2Bt horizon;
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4
Texture: loam or fine sandy loam
Clay content: averages 10 to 18 percent
Content of fine sand or coarser: more than 40 percent
3Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 or 4
Croma: 3 or 4
Texture: silt loam
Clay content: averages 12 to 20 percent
content of sand: 5 to about 20 percent
3C horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silt loam
4C horizon [where present within 183 cm (6 feet)]:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or the gravelly analogues
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Puchyan soils are on moraines in association with soils formed in glacial till. Slope ranges from 2 to 12 percent. Puchyan soils formed in sandy eolian deposits, in a loamy transition layer, and in loess or other silty deposits which, in turn, are underlain by loamy glacial till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 711 to 813 mm (28 to 32 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 7.2 to 11.3 degrees C (45 to 53 degrees F).
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Kidder,
Mchenry, and
Dodge soils. Puchyan soils are on gently sloping or sloping areas in the upland near the well drained
Miami, McHenry, and Dodge soils. These soils are in areas where there is a silty mantle.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff is low or very low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high to very high (42.34 to 141.14 micrometers per second) in the sandy mantle and moderately high to high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second) in the underlying deposits. Permeability is rapid in the sandy mantle and moderate in the underlying deposits. These soils have a perched seasonal high water table within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches) for one month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of these soils are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grains, and hay , as well as canning crops such as snap beans, peas, and sweet corn. Native vegetation is deciduous forest. Common trees are black oak, bur oak, and hickory.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 95A, and 95B in south-central Wisconsin. The Puchyan soils are of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Columbia County, Wisconsin, 1972.
REMARKS: This soil formerly was called Rio and later, Columbus series.
11/04 5400 acres have been correlated in three surveys. The typical pedons in all three surveys have redox features above 40 inches. Therefore, this revision changes the concept of th series to moderately well drained only (Arenic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: Ochric epipedon - 0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches) (Ap); Argillic horizon - 69 to 117 cm (27 to 46 inches) (2Bt1, 2Bt2, and 3Bt3); Arenic feature - loamy fine sand or coarser in all horizons from the soil surface to the top of the argillic at a depth of 69 cm (27 inches) (Ap, Bw1, Bw2); oxyaquic feature redox accumulations and saturation within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches).
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.