LOCATION PULLOUT                 CA

Established Series
Rev. EWB-AMB-JBF-TM
06/2017

PULLOUT SERIES

The Pullout series consists of very deep, poorly and somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks. Pullout soils are on stream terraces. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 250 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 6 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Typic Halaquepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Pullout loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A--0 to 20 cm; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine and fine roots; few very fine tubular and interstitial pores; violent effervescence; very strongly alkaline, (pH 9.6); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 30 cm thick)

C1--20 to 50 cm; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine roots; few very fine interstitial and tubular pores; violent effervescence; very strongly alkaline, (pH 9.6); clear wavy boundary. (25 to 40 cm thick)

C2--50 to 74 cm; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine roots; few very fine interstitial and tubular pores; slight effervescence; very strongly alkaline, (pH 9.2); clear wavy boundary. (20 to 60 cm thick)

C3--74 to 104 cm; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) silt loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) moist; massive; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine interstitial and tubular pores; 15 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), moist, masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; strongly alkaline, (pH 9.0); clear smooth boundary. (20 to 40 cm thick)

2Cg--104 to 152 cm; gray (2.5Y 6/1) stratified sand to silt loam, dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine interstitial pores; strongly alkaline, (pH 8.9).

TYPE LOCATION: Mono County, California; in the Bridgeport Valley; about 500 meters east of the Town of Bridgeport; about 1,760 feet south and 1,780 feet west of the northeast corner section 33, T. 5 N., R. 25 E.; Big Alkali USGS 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 38 degrees 15 minutes 8.9 seconds N and longitude 119 degrees 13 minutes 9.1 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 38.2524722 latitude, -119.2191944 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry in the moisture control section; moist winter and spring; usually dry summer and fall; aridic moisture regime that borders on xeric. Saturated within 25 to 100 cm during the late winter and early spring in most years.
Mean annual soil temperature: 7 to 8 degrees C.
Depth to stratified layers: 100 to 150 cm.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: Averages 18 to 27 percent.
Rock fragments: Averages less than 15 percent, mainly gravel. Lithology of rock fragments is mixed igneous and metamorphic.

A horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 1 or 2 dry or moist.
Effervescence: Strongly effervescent or violently effervescent.
Salinity (EC): 16 to 32 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 31 to 90.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 5 percent.

C1 and C2 horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.
Texture: Loam or silt loam.
Clay content: Averages 18 to 27 percent.
Rock fragments: Averages less than 15 percent.
Effervescence: Slightly effervescent through violently effervescent.
Salinity (EC): 16 to 32 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 31 to 45.
Reaction: Strongly alkaline or very strongly alkaline.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 5 percent.

C3 horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 5 or 6 moist.
Chroma: 1 through 3 dry, or moist.
Texture: Loam or silt loam.
Clay content: Averages 18 to 27 percent.
Rock fragments: Averages less than 15 percent.
Salinity (EC): 8 to 16 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 13 to 30.
Reaction: Strongly alkaline or very strongly alkaline
Effervescence: Noneffervescent through strongly effervescent.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 3 percent.

2Cg horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 1 or 2, dry or moist.
Texture: Stratified silt loam to coarse sand.
Clay content: Averages 5 to 10 percent.
Rock fragments: Averages less than 15 percent.
Salinity (EC): 4 to 16 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 13 to 30.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Effervescence: Noneffervescent to strongly effervescent.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 3 percent.

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Mishak series. Mishak soils have a calcic horizon within 30 to 100 cm, and lack stratified layers with sandy textures below 100 cm.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Pullout soils are on stream terraces. They typically occur on summit positions. They formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. Elevations range from 1,950 to 2,000 meters. The climate is semi-arid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 250 to 300 mm, mean annual temperature is 6 to 7 degrees C., and the frost-free period is 30 to 60 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Eastwalker and Goodbye series. Eastwalker and Goodbye soils have a mollic epipedon, and have substrata that have more than 35 percent rock fragments below 100 cm.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly and somewhat poorly drained; low surface runoff; moderate permeability; moderately low saturated hydraulic conductivity. Endosaturation is present with an apparent seasonal high water table between 25 and 100 cm (shallow or moderately deep free water occurrence class) between January and June. Cumulative annual duration class is Common. These soils are susceptible to occasional flooding for brief periods between December and June. Ponding may occur for brief periods.

USE AND VEGETATION: Pullout soils are used for livestock grazing, recreation, watershed and wildlife habitat. The native vegetation is mainly inland saltgrass, alkali bluegrass and black greasewood.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern California, east of the Sierra Nevada Range. These soils are not extensive. MLRA 26.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Mono County (Coleville-Bridgeport Area), California, 2010.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 18 cm (part of the A horizon).
Endosaturation feature - The condition of ground water with an upper boundary between 25 and 100 cm at certain times during normal years (parts of the C1, C2, C3 and 2Cg horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 25 to 100 cm (lower C1, C2 and upper C3 horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.