LOCATION PANAK                   WA

Established Series
Rev. EH/RJE/TLA/RWL
09/2019

PANAK SERIES

Landscape--mountains
Landform--summits, mountain slopes
Slope--5 to 65 percent
Parent material--colluvium over residuum derived from basalt with an influence of volcanic ash in the upper part
Mean annual precipitation--about 890 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 7 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--xeric
Soil temperature regime--frigid
Soil moisture subclass--typic

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, isotic, frigid Vitrandic Haploxeralfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Panak ashy loam, forested, on a 15-percent, northwest-facing slope of a mountain summit at an elevation of 740 m

A--0 to 18 cm; ashy loam, reddish brown (5YR 5/3) dry, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; weakly smeary; common very fine and fine roots; many fine irregular pores; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary

BA--18 to 48 cm; loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) dry, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many fine irregular pores and common fine tubular pores; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear wavy boundary

Bt1--48 to 79 cm; loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) dry, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine and few medium roots; common fine and medium tubular pores; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.4); abrupt wavy boundary

Bt2--79 to 107 cm; loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and few fine and medium roots; few fine tubular pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary

Bt3--107 to 150 cm; gravelly clay loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; strong medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine and medium roots; few fine tubular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 15 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4)

TYPE LOCATION: Klickitat County, Washington, about 10 km south of Glenwood; about 340 m north and 30 m east of the southwest corner of section 10, T. 5 N., R. 12 E.; latitude 45 degrees 55 minutes 53 seconds north and longitude 121 degrees 18 minutes 0 seconds west

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature--7 to 8 degrees C
Moisture control section--usually moist, but dry 45 to 60 consecutive days following summer solstice
Volcanic ash influence--18 to 35 cm thick; estimated moist bulk density of 1.10 to 1.45 g/cm3, volcanic glass content of 5 to 30 percent, acid oxalate aluminum plus one-half iron of 1 to 2 percent, phosphorus retention of 50 to 75 percent, and 15-bar water retention of 8 to 12 percent
Particle-size control section--0 to 40 percent basalt pararock fragments; 0 to 20 percent basalt fragments; 18 to 30 percent clay
Reaction--5.6 to 6.5 throughout

A horizon
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR
Value--4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma--2 or 3 dry or moist
Texture--ashy loam, cobbly ashy loam
Thickness--18 to 35 cm

BA horizon
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR
Value--4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma--4 to 6 dry or moist
Texture--loam, silt loam
Thickness--25 to 33 cm

Bt horizon
Hue--7.5YR, 10YR
Value--5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma--4 to 6 dry or moist
Texture--loam, clay loam, gravelly clay loam, very paragravelly clay loam
Combined thickness--greater than 82 cm

COMPETING SERIES:
Carrico--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (granite)
Eaglelake--100 to 150 cm (deep) to a paralithic contact (andesite); dry more than 90 consecutive days following summer solstice
Ketchly--dry 60 to 75 consecutive days following summer solstice; umbric epipedon 25 to 50 cm thick
Kruse--0 to 75 percent granite, gneiss, or mica schist fragments (weighted average less than 35 percent); acid oxalate Al plus 1/2 Fe of 0.4 to 1.0 percent
McEwen--dry 60 to 80 consecutive days following summer solstice; acid oxalate Al plus 1/2 Fe of 0.4 to 1.0 percent; 100 to 150 cm deep to very gravelly or extremely gravelly stratified material
Nahahum--dry 60 to 75 consecutive days following summer solstice; acid oxalate Al plus 1/2 Fe of 0.4 to 1.0 percent
Nard--dry 60 to 75 consecutive days following summer solstice; 64 to 100 cm deep to Btx horizon; aquic conditions at a depth of 50 to 91 cm
Nardmont--acid oxalate Al plus 1/2 Fe of 0.4 to 1.0 percent; 5 to 25 percent schist fragments; albic horizon
Neuske--dry 60 to 75 consecutive days following summer solstice; acid oxalate Al plus 1/2 Fe of 0.4 to 1.0 percent; albic horizon

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--dominantly 610 to 910 m, but ranges to 460 m on north aspects
Climate--warm, dry summers; cold, wet winters; snow cover in November through May
Mean annual precipitation--760 to 1000 mm
Mean January air temperature--about -3 degrees C
Mean July air temperature--about 18 degrees C
Mean annual air temperature--about 7 to 8 degrees C
Frost-free season--90 to 110 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Beezee--mesic soil temperature regime; on canyon side slopes
McGowan--mesic soil temperature regime; on plateaus

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately high

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--mainly timber production, livestock grazing, wildlife habitat, and recreation
Native vegetation--Douglas-fir, grand fir, ponderosa pine, common snowberry, western hazel, rose, vine maple, creambush oceanspray, Oregon grape, trailing blackberry, Pacific dogwood, bitter cherry

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Klickitat County, Washington; MLRA 6; small extent

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Klickitat County, Washington; 2003

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon
*Ochric epipedon
*Argillic horizon--zone from 48 to 150 cm
*Isotic mineralogy--zone from the surface to a depth of 150 cm
*Particle-size control section--zone from 48 to 98 cm

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Partial laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory pedon numbers 87P0060 and 78P0534; sampled as Chapot series

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.