LOCATION PATE IN+OHEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, illitic, mesic Chromic Vertic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Pate silty clay loam - on a 22 percent west-facing slope in a pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 6 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)
Btl--6 to 14 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common fine roots; thin discontinuous dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--14 to 21 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse subangular and angular blocky; firm; common fine roots; thin discontinuous dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--21 to 27 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse blocky; very firm; common fine roots; thin discontinuous dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; thin black (10YR 2/1) accumulations of iron and manganese oxides; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt4--27 to 36 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; very firm; common fine roots; thin continuous dark brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common black (10YR 2/1) accumulations of iron and manganese oxides; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt5--36 to 52 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) channery silty clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; thin discontinuous grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; 20 percent coarse fragments (8 percent greater than 3 inches); strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 20 to 60 inches.)
BC1--52 to 66 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) channery silty clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; olive gray (5Y 5/2) coatings on faces of peds; 30 percent coarse fragments (10 percent greater than 3 inches); strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 18 inches thick)
BC2--66 to 72 inches; pale olive (5Y 6/4) and gray (5Y 6/1) very flaggy silty clay; weak medium subangular and angular blocky structure; very firm; 40 percent coarse fragments (20 percent greater than 6 inches); strong effervescence; moderately alkaline. (0 to 12 inches thick)
Cr--72 to 80 inches; gray calcareous shale with interbedded limestone.
TYPE LOCATION: Ohio County, Indiana; 3/4 mile southeast of Milton; 900 feet east and 900 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 33, T. 4 N., R. 2 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness is 50 to more than 80 inches. Coarse fragments range from 0 to 10 percent in the upper part of the solum and from 15 to 50 percent in the lower part of the solum.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4 (more than 5.5 dry), and chroma of 3 or 4. It is silt loam or silty clay loam and ranges from medium acid to neutral.
The Bt horizons have hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. The upper 20 inches is silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay and averages 35 to 55 percent clay and less than 5 percent fine sand or coarser. The rest of the Bt is silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay or their channery analogues that has 35 to 60 percent clay and less than 10 percent fine sand or coarser. It is medium acid to neutral in the upper part and slightly acid to moderately alkaline in the lower part.
The BC horizon, where present, has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6. Near the paralithic contact, there is some chroma of 1 or 2. It is channery, flaggy, very channery, or very flaggy silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. It is slightly acid to moderately alkaline.
The Cr horizon is gray calcareous shale with interbedded limestone.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Alexandria, Edom, Jessup, Lairdsville, Lucas, Millheim, Morley, Saylesville, Schoharie, and St. Clair soils. All of these soils have a solum thickness of less than 50 inches except the Jessup soil. Jessup soils do not have gray coatings in their argillic horizon, have a solum thickness less than 60 inches, and have a mantle of loess 10 to 24 inches thick over glacial till.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Pate soils are on the lower part of upland hillsides. Slopes range from 6 to 35 percent. The soils formed dominantly in residuum weathered from calcareous Ordovician shale and limestone of the Kope formation with the upper part having considerable mixing of colluvium. The interbedding is about 10 percent limestone and 90 percent shale. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 36 to 46 inches, and mean annual temperature ranges from 52 to 58 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Eden, Switzerland, and Nicholson soils. The well drained Eden soils are on adjacent but higher and steeper slopes formed in residuum weathered from calcareous Ordovician shale (70 percent) and limestone (30 percent) of the Dillsboro formation. They have thinner sola and more coarse fragments in the upper part of the B horizon. The well drained Switzerland soils are on ridgetops at higher elevations. They have fine-silty over clayey control sections and are more acid. The moderately well drained Nicholson soils are on ridgetops that have more gentle slopes. They have more acid sola and a fragipan.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained and moderately well drained. Runoff is rapid. Permeability is very slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Almost all of the Pate soils have been cleared and cultivated. They are used mostly for pasture, but some areas are in woods or are idle. Native vegetation was deciduous forest of mixed hardwoods.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeasten Indiana and possibly southwestern Ohio, and northern Kentucky. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dearborn and Ohio Counties, Indiana, 1979.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in the pedon are: ochric epipedon the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of about 6 inches (Ap horizon); argillic horizon - the zone from approximately 6 to 52 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, Bt5, horizons.)
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data are available on this soil at Purdue University, Lab No. JF7910, OH 7402, OH 7403, and OH 7502, and one pedon at Lincoln Lab No. 760029 - 760036.