LOCATION PATNA NV

Established Series
Rev. ELS-RLB-JVC-JBF
11/2016

PATNA SERIES

The Patna series consists of very deep, somewhat excessively drained soils that formed in eolian sands over lacustrine deposits derived from mixed rocks. Patna soils are on sand sheets and stable dunes on basin-floor remnants. Slopes are 0 to 30 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 150 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 12 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplargids

TYPICAL PEDON: Patna sand--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A--0 to 6 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 25 cm thick)

AB--6 to 15 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; few light gray (10YR 7/1) skeletans of uncoated sand grains 2 to 3 mm in diameter; very few faint clay films coating sand grains; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 20 cm thick)

Bt1--15 to 28 cm; 60 percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sand and 40 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; inter lamellae zones are hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; lamellae are very hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine and common fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; lamellae have common faint and distinct clay films coating and bridging sand grains; inter lamellae zones have few faint clay films coating sand grains; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt wavy boundary. (10 to 25 cm thick)

Bt2--28 to 46 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist, few thin loamy sand lamellae that are 1 chroma brighter; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; many faint clay films coating sand grains and few faint clay films bridging sand grains; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 41 cm thick)

Bt3--46 to 61 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; few 1 mm thick lamellae; few faint clay films coating sand grains; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 15 cm thick)

BC1--61 to 80 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and few fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; sand grains are slightly coated with illuvial clay; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 25 cm thick)

BC2--80 to 91 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; sand grains are slightly coated with illuvial clay; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 15 cm thick)

C1--91 to 109 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; sand grains are slightly coated with illuvial clay; slightly effervescent in about 10 percent of the matrix; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 25 cm thick)

C2--109 to 122 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few roots in upper part; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; slightly effervescent in about 10 percent of the matrix; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 25 cm thick)

C3--122 to 152 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4).

TYPE LOCATION: Washoe County, Nevada; on the Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation about 1.5 miles northwest of Wadsworth and 0.75 mile east of the range exclosure at Dodge Flat; approximately 920 feet west of the southeast corner of section 29, T. 21 N., R. 24 E.; USGS Wadsworth 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 39 degrees 39 minutes 4.7 seconds N and longitude 119 degrees 18 minutes 21.6 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 39.6513056 latitude, -119.305556 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually moist for short periods in winter and spring, dry from summer to mid-fall; typic aridic soil moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 12 to 14 degrees C.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: Averages 5 to 10 percent.
Rock fragments: Less than 5 percent gravel.

A and AB horizons
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 1 through 3, dry or moist.
Reaction: Neutral or slightly alkaline.

Bt horizons
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Texture: Averages loamy sand.
Structure: Subangular blocky or massive.
Consistence: Soft to very hard, dry.
Reaction: Neutral or slightly alkaline.
Other features: The argillic horizon is comprised of from 2 to 10 continuous lamellae of loamy sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam 5 to 50 mm thick. The lamellae are commonly 1 unit of chroma brighter and contain 1 to 3 percent more clay than the interlamellae eluvial zones. Eluvial zones are sand or coarse sand.

BC and C horizons
Value: 4 through 7 dry, 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3, may be 4 in upper part.
Texture: Sand, loamy sand, fine sand, or loamy fine sand.
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent gravel.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
Salinity (EC): 0 to 2 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 0 to 5.
Effervescence Very slightly effervescent or slightly effervescent.
Other features: Some pedons have C horizons within 100 cm that have texture of gravelly coarse sand with 25 to 35 percent gravel. Some pedons have texture of silt loam or silty clay loam in contrasting C horizons composed of lacustrine sediments below 100 cm. Some pedons have horizons with identifiable secondary carbonates.

COMPETING SERIES: There are currently no other series in this family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Patna soils are on sand sheets and stable dunes on basin-floor remnants. They formed in eolian sands over lacustrine deposits derived from mixed rocks. Slopes are 0 to 30 percent. Elevations range from 1,220 to 1,830 meters. The climate is arid with cool, moist winters and hot, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 100 to 175 mm, the mean annual temperature is 9 to 13 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 100 to 135 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Hawsley and Swingler soils. Hawsley soils do not have argillic horizons and occur on sand sheets. Swingler soils are fine-silty and do not have argillic horizons.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat excessively drained; very low to medium surface runoff; high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Patna soils are used for rangeland, irrigated cropland, and wildlife habitat. Cultivated crops are alfalfa and small grains. The vegetation in rangeland is Nevada dalea, Bailey's greasewood, spiny hopsage, littleleaf horsebrush, fourwing saltbush, Douglas rabbitbrush, bottlebrush squirreltail, Indian ricegrass, and needleandthread.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western Nevada. These soils are moderately extensive. MLRA 27.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Washoe County (Fallon-Fernley Area), Nevada, 1971.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 15 cm (A and AB horizons).
Argillic horizon with lamellae - The zone from 15 to 61 cm (Bt1, Bt2, and Bt3 horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 15 to 61 cm (Bt1, Bt2, and Bt3 horizons).

The revision of April 2004 updated the taxonomic class from Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Haplargids based on a reexamination of the typical pedon and review of the existing lab data.

ADDITIONAL DATA: The series type location has full characterization data by the former Riverside, CA soil survey laboratory as user pedon ID 69NV031019 (pedon # 69C0101). Other pedons sampled are 69NV019001 (pedon # 69C0103), 69NV019003 (pedon # 69C0106), 69NV019005 (pedon # 69C0108), and 77NV019002 (pedon # 78P0015).

User Pedon ID: 2015NV031503.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.