LOCATION QUAPAW NMEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Pachic Haplustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Quapaw extremely gravelly loam, very stony--on a canyon sloping 78 percent to the north at 6,260 feet elevation--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted. When described, the soil was dry throughout.)
A--0 to 3 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/2) extremely gravelly loam, black (7.5YR 2.5/1) moist; moderate medium granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common fine and common very fine roots; few fine and common very fine interstitial pores; 55 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones on the soil surface; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary. (1 to 3 inches thick)
Bw--3 to 10 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) very gravelly loam, very dark brown (7.5YR 2.5/2) moist; moderate fine subangular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few medium, few fine, and common very fine roots; few fine and few very fine tubular pores; 30 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy boundary. (6 to 11 inches thick)
Bk1--10 to 18 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) very gravelly sandy loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common medium, common fine, and few very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; 35 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; noneffervescent to slightly effervescent, secondary calcium carbonate segregated as very few fine irregularly shaped coats on rock fragments; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary. (6 to 14 inches thick)
Bk2--18 to 28 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/2) extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common coarse, few medium, common fine, and few very fine roots; few fine and few very fine tubular pores; 50 percent gravel, 15 percent cobbles and 5 percent stones; noneffervescent to strongly effervescent, secondary calcium carbonate segregated as few fine irregularly shaped coats on faces of peds and common medium and large accumulations on rock fragments, 2 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 21 inches thick)
Bk3--28 to 44 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) extremely gravelly sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure, slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few coarse, few medium, few fine, and few very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; 55 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles and 2 percent stones; noneffervescent to strongly effervescent, secondary calcium carbonate segregated as common fine and medium irregularly shaped coats on faces of peds and on rock fragments, 2 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary. (11 to 16 inches thick)
BCk1--44 to 55 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam, light reddish brown (5YR 6/3) moist; massive; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few medium, few fine, and few very fine roots; 55 percent gravel, 15 percent cobbles, and 10 percent stones; noneffervescent to strongly effervescent, secondary calcium carbonate segregated as common irregularly shaped coats on rock fragments, 1 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual wavy boundary. (7 to 12 inches thick)
BCk2--55 to 80 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) extremely cobbly coarse sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/3) moist; massive; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few medium, few fine, and few very fine roots; 45 percent gravel, 30 percent cobbles and 10 percent stones; noneffervescent to strongly effervescent, secondary calcium carbonate segregated as common fine irregularly shaped masses on rock fragments, 2 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4). (0 to 25 inches thick)
TYPE LOCATION: Santa Fe County, New Mexico; about 1 mile southeast of the Sanctuario de Chimayo; 2,150 feet east and 2,600 feet north of the northwest corner of section 7, T.20N., R.10E.; USGS Cundiyo 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; Latitude 35 degrees 58 minutes 44 seconds North and Longitude 105 degrees 55 minutes 16 seconds West, NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture - The soil moisture control section is moist in all parts during the 60 days following the winter solstice. It is moist in some part less than 40 percent and moist in all parts less than 25 percent of the time when the soil temperature at 20 inches is above 41 degrees F. The soils are driest in May and June. The soil moisture regime is ustic bordering on aridic.
Mean annual soil temperature - 49 to 51 degrees F.
Thickness of mollic epipedon - 28 to 49 inches
Organic matter content - 1 to 4 percent in the mollic epipedon
Rock fragment lithology: granite, gneiss, and schist
Particle-size control section (weighted averages)
Silicate clay content: 12 to 18 percent
Sand content: 35 to 60 percent
Fine sand or coarser content: 35 to 55 percent
Rock fragment content: 50 to 75 percent
A horizon
Value: 3 or 4 dry, 2 through 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3 dry, 1 through 3 moist
Clay content: 8 to 18 percent
Rock fragments: total range is 60 to 75 percent
50 to 60 percent gravel
10 to 15 percent cobbles
1 to 5 percent stones
Bw and Bk1 horizons
Value: 3 or 4 dry, 2 through 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3 dry or moist
Texture: very gravelly loam, very gravelly coarse sandy loam, or very gravelly sandy loam
Clay content: 8 to 18 percent
Rock fragments: total range is 35 to 60 percent
30 to 45 percent gravel
5 to 15 percent cobbles
Lower Bk horizons
Value: 4 to 6 dry
Chroma: 2 through 4, 3 or 4 moist
Texture: extremely gravelly sandy loam, extremely cobbly sandy loam, extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam, or extremely cobbly coarse sandy loam
Rock fragments: total range is 60 to 85 percent
45 to 60 percent gravel
10 to 30 percent cobbles
0 to 10 percent stones
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Morgamine series. Morgamine soils are moderately deep to dacite tuff.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Quapaw soils are on backslopes of escarpments and canyons. They formed in colluvium derived from Precambrian granite, gneiss, and schist. Slopes are 60 to 80 percent. Elevation ranges from 6,100 to 8,100 feet. The mean annual precipitation is 14 to 16 inches with about 45 percent falling as rain from high-intensity convective thunderstorms between July and September. The mean annual air temperature is 47 to 49 degrees F. The frost-free period is 130 to 150 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Atalaya, Enmedio, and Chimayo soils. Atalaya soils are coarse-loamy over fragmental, have argillic horizons, and occur on beveled summits and shoulders of hills. Enmedio soils are loamy-skeletal over fragmental, have argillic horizons, and occur on backslopes of hills. Chimayo soils are fragmental, do not have mollic epipedons, and occur on adjacent backslopes of hills.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; very high runoff; permeability is moderately rapid.
USE AND VEGETATION: Quapaw soils are used for urban development, livestock grazing, and recreation. The historic climax vegetation is blue grama, mountain muhly, Arizona fescue, sedge, and twoneedle pinyon. The ecological site is Mountain Loam(R048AY004NM).
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Quapaw soils are of small extent on the southwestern Sangre de Cristo part of the Southern Rocky Mountains province in northcentral New Mexico. The MLRA is 48A.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Santa Fe County, New Mexico; Santa Fe Area Soil Survey Update; 2008. Quapaw is a street name in Santa Fe.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon (Pachic feature)- The zone from the soil surface to 28 inches. (A, Bw, Bk1, and Bk2 horizons)
Cambic horizon The zone from 28 to 44 inches (Bk3 horizon)
Particle-size control section The zone from 10 to 40 inches. (Bk1, Bk2, and part of the Bk3 horizons)
Series control section - The zone from 0 to 60 inches.
Taxonomic version: Classified according to Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Tenth Edition, 2006.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Calcium carbonate equivalence was determined using a calcimeter.