LOCATION QUINNAMOSE WA+ID

Established Series
Rev. EMM/SMM/BDG
07/2013

QUINNAMOSE SERIES

The Quinnamose series consists of deep, well drained soils on mountain and foothill slopes. They formed in colluvium and residuum weathered from granite and schist with minor amounts of loess and volcanic ash in the upper part. Slope ranges from 10 to 60 percent. The average annual precipitation is about 28 inches and the average annual temperature is about 43 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, isotic, frigid Vitrandic Haploxerepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Quinnamose ashy loam, timbered; on an east-facing slope of 35 percent at 3,280 feet elevation. When described on May 15, 2000, the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated. All textures are apparent field textures.)

Oi--0 to 1 inch; slightly decomposed needles, leaves, and twigs.

Oe--1 to 3 inches; moderately decomposed plant material.

A--3 to 9 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) ashy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine, fine and medium roots; many very fine and fine tubular and irregular pores; 1 percent fine mica flakes; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear wavy boundary. (2 to 9 inches thick)

BA--9 to 12 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) ashy sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, fine, medium and coarse roots; many very fine and fine tubular and irregular pores; 2 percent fine mica flakes; 5 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)

Bw1--12 to 31 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, medium, and coarse roots; common very fine and fine tubular and irregular pores; 5 percent fine mica flakes; 5 percent paragravel and 5 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.5); gradual wavy boundary.

Bw2--31 to 51 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) paragravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky, slightly plastic; few very fine, fine and medium roots; common very fine and fine irregular pores; 20 percent fine mica flakes; 15 percent paragravel and 10 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 20 to 40 inches thick)

BC--51 to 58 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) very paragravelly sandy loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; few very fine, fine and medium roots; many very fine and fine irregular pores; 25 percent fine and medium mica flakes; 25 percent paragravel and 10 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.2); gradual wavy boundary. (5 to 8 inches thick)

Cr--58 to 68 inches; highly weathered, micaceous schist; weakly to moderately cemented, easily dug with a spade.

TYPE LOCATION: Spokane County, WA; About 2.0 miles northeast of Freeman, WA;; about 1,665 feet south and 1,040 feet east of the northwest corner of section 32, T. 24 N., R. 45 E. Latitude - 47 degrees 31minutes 54.1 seconds N and Longitude - 117 degrees 8 minutes, 56.5 seconds W; NAD 83. Freeman, WA., USGS topographic quadrangle.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Average annual soil temperature - 44 to 46 degrees F.
Moisture control section - dry in all parts between 8 and 24 inches, 45 to 60 days after the summer solstice, July to September, moist October through June
Depth to weathered bedrock - 40 to 60 inches
Thin, recent (1980) volcanic ash layer - .25 to .75 inch thick present in some pedons between the organic and mineral soil surface

Volcanic ash influence - 8 to 14 inches thick
Estimated properties of the volcanic ash influenced layers:
Volcanic glass content - 5 to 20 percent
Acid oxalate Al + 1/2 Fe - 0.4 to 1.0 percent
Moist bulk density - 1.1 to 1.3 g/cc
15 bar water retention - 5 to 10 percent on air-dried samples
Clay content - 8 to 18 percent in the particle-size control section

A horizon
Value - 5 or 6 dry, 2 to 4 moist
Chroma - 2 or 3, dry or moist
Texture - ashy silt loam or ashy loam
Clay content - 8 to 12 percent
Gravel content - 0 to 10 percent
Mica content - 0 to 5 percent
Reaction - moderately acid or slightly acid

BA horizon
Value - 5 or 6 dry, 2 to 4 moist
Chroma - 3 or 4, dry or moist
Texture - ashy loam, ashy sandy loam or gravelly ashy loam
Gravel content - 5 to 20 percent
Mica content - 2 to 5 percent
Reaction - moderately acid to neutral

Bw horizon
Value - 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma - 3 or 4 dry or moist
Texture - loam, sandy loam, ashy sandy loam or ashy loam
Rock fragment content - 3 to 20 percent gravel, 0 to 5 percent cobbles, 3 to 25 percent total rock fragment content
Paragravel content - 0 to 15 percent
Total gravel and paragravel content - averages less than 35 percent
Mica content - 5 to 25 percent
Reaction - strongly acid to neutral

BC horizon
Hue - 10YR or 2.5Y
Value - 6 to 8 dry and 4 or 5 moist
Chroma - 3 or 4 dry and moist
Texture -sandy loam, loam, loamy sand, or coarse sandy loam
Rock fragment content - 5 to 30 percent gravel, 0 to 10 percent cobbles, 5 to 40 percent total rock fragment content
Paragravel content - 5 to 25 percent
Total gravel and paragravel content - averages less than 40 percent
Mica content - 15 to 25 percent
Reaction - strongly acid to neutral

Some pedons have a C horizon above the Cr

COMPETING SERIES:

Ardenmont soils: have Bt horizons and have loamy coarse sandy textures with 45 percent paragravels in the subsoil and are dry for 60-75 days

Cobbler soils: are very deep

Greenbluff: are very deep

Stapaloop soils: are very deep

Enson soils: are 20 to 40 inches deep to a densic contact

Labuck soils: are 20 to 40 inches to a paralithic contact

Micapeak soils: are 20 to 40 inches to a paralithic contact

Downeygulch soils: are 20 to 40 inches to a lithic contact

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Quinnamose soils are on side slopes of mountains and foothills at elevations of 2,000 to 4,500 feet (610 to 1376 meters). They formed in colluvium and residuum weathered from granite and schist with minor amounts of loess and volcanic ash in the upper part. The climate is characterized by cold, wet winters and warm, dry summers. Slopes are 10 to 60 percent. The average annual precipitation is 22 to 43 inches (559 to 1092 mm). The average annual temperature is 42 to 46 degrees F. The frost-free period is 90 to 130 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Kramerhill, Kruse, Micapeak and Spokane soils. Kramerhill soils are mesic, deep to a paralithic contact, have fine-loamy argillic horizons, and are on convex backslopes of foothills. Kruse soils have fine-loamy argillic horizons, are very deep, and are on linear backslopes of foothills. Micapeak soils are moderately deep to a paralithic contact and are on convex backslopes of foothills. Spokane soils are mesic, are moderately deep to a paralithic contact, and are on convex backslopes of foothills.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for timber production, wildlife habitat, watershed, homesites, and recreation. Potential natural vegetation is mainly grand fir, Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, and lodgepole pine, with an understory of mallow ninebark, creambush oceanspray, baldhip rose, pine reedgrass, Saskatoon serviceberry, common snowberry, white spirea, and low Oregon grape. This series is correlated to the ABGR/PHMA habitat type.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Washington, and northern Idaho; MLRA43A. Series is moderately extensive. MLRAs 43A and 44A.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: BOZEMAN, MONTANA

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Spokane County, WA, 2012

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 12 inches (Oi, Oe, A and BA horizons)
Cambic horizon - the zone from 12 to 51 inches (Bw1 and Bw2 horizons)
Vitrandic feature - the zone from 3 to 12 inches (A and BA horizons)
Paralithic contact - the zone beginning at 58 inches (2Cr horizon)
Particle-size control section - the zone from 13 to 43 inches (part of the Bw1 and the Bw2 horizons)
Depth to diagnostic horizons and features are measured from the top of the first mineral layer.

This series has been reclassified (11/2006) from Coarse-loamy, isotic, frigid Vitrandic Dystroxerepts to Coarse-loamy, isotic, frigid Vitrandic Haploxerepts based on lab data collected in Spokane County, WA.
Quinnamose soils should be further investigated to determine typical mineralogy (isotic vs. mixed).

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.