LOCATION RAISIO WA

Established Series
Rev. NCD/BDB/RJS
03/2016

RAISIO SERIES

The Raisio series consists of moderately deep, well drained soils. These soils formed in volcanic ash mixed with glacial till over residuum, or volcanic ash mixed with colluvium over residuum derived from metasedimentary rocks. Raisio soils are on hillslopes and mountain slopes, and slopes are 0 to 65 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 625 mm, and the mean annual air temperature is about 8.3 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, isotic, mesic Vitrandic Haploxerolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Raisio channery loam - open woodland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

Oi--0 to 4 cm; loose organic litter, including pine needles, twigs, bark and cones; abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 5 cm thick)

A--4 to 17 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) channery loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and medium, and few coarse roots; many fine pores; 20 percent channers (shale fragments); neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary. (8 to 15 cm thick)

Bw--17 to 27 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) very flaggy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and medium, and few coarse roots; many fine pores; 25 percent channers (shale fragments) and 25 percent flagstones; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary. (8 to 18 cm thick)

C1--27 to 50 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) extremely flaggy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine, medium and coarse roots; few fine pores; 25 percent channers (shale fragments) and 40 percent flagstones; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 25 cm thick)

C2--50 to 70 cm; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) extremely flaggy loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine, medium and coarse roots; few fine pores; 25 percent channers (shale fragments) and 50 percent flagstones; slightly acid (pH 6.4); abrupt irregular boundary. (15 to 25 cm thick)

C3--70 to 80 cm; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) extremely flaggy loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; 65 percent hard phyllite fragments; slightly acid (pH 6.4); abrupt wavy boundary. (10 to 20 cm thick)

R--80 cm; phyllite.

TYPE LOCATION: Stevens County, Washington; 275 meters south and 45 meters east of the NW corner of sec. 4. T. 33 N., R. 38 E., W.M. Latitude - 48 degrees, 23 minutes, 30.9 seconds North; Longitude - 118 degrees, 2 minutes, 28.9 seconds West; NAD83; USGS Quadrangle - Kentry Ridge, WA.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature - 8.3 to 10.0 degrees C.
Soil moisture - usually moist during part of the year, but is dry in parts between depths of 20 to 60 cm or to a lithic contact for 75 to 90 consecutive days during summer and autumn
Thickness of the mollic epipedon - 18 to 25 cm
Depth to a lithic contact - 50 to 100 cm

Vitrandic features*
*Estimated bulk density - 1.25 to 1.45 g/cc
*Volcanic glass content - 5 to 20 percent
*Acid-oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half of the acid-oxalate extractable iron - 0.4 to 1.0 percent
*15-bar water retention for air dried samples - 5 to 10 percent

Particle-size control section - 35 to 80 percent channers and flagstones

A horizons
Value - 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma - 2 or 3 moist and dry
Clay content - 6 to 15 percent
Rock fragments - 15 to 30 percent channers
Reaction - 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon:
Hue - 10YR or 7.5YR dry or moist
Value - 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma - 2 or 3 dry or moist
Texture - loam, sandy loam
Clay content - 4 to 15 percent
Rock fragments - 20 to 30 percent channers, 10 to 30 percent flagstones, 0 to 20 percent stones (total rock fragments - 45 to 65 percent)
Reaction - 6.1 to 7.3

C1, C2, C3 horizons:
Hue - 10YR or 2.5Y dry or moist
Value - 6 or 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma - 1 to 3 dry or moist
Texture - loam, sandy loam
Rock fragments - 20 to 30 percent channers, 10 to 50 percent flagstones, 0 to 20 percent stones, (total rock fragments - 50 to 80 percent)
Reaction - 6.1 to 7.3

COMPETING SERIES:
Borgeau (WA): are very deep
Emily (OR): are deep and very deep
Garrison (WA): are very deep
Lenz (ID): formed in material derived from granite, gneiss or schist
Louiecreek (WA): are very deep
Opportunity (WA): are very deep
Sinlahekin (WA): are very deep
Speigle (WA): are very deep
Vanbrunt (WA): formed in colluvium and residuum from granitic rocks
Whitestone (WA): are very deep

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - hillslopes and mountain slopes
Elevation -545 to 1,480 meters
Slope - 0 to 65 percent
Parent material - formed in volcanic ash mixed with glacial till over residuum, or volcanic ash mixed with colluvium over residuum derived from metasedimentary rocks
Climate - warm dry summers and cool moist winters
Mean annual precipitation - 500 to 800 mm (dry and warm phases - 375 to 500 mm)
Mean annual air temperature - 7.4 to 8.9 degrees C.
Mean January air temperature - -3.9 degrees C.
Mean July air temperature - 19.4 degrees C.
Frost-free period - 90 to 130 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Aits, Dehart, Hartill, Huckleberry, Maki, Oxerine, Rufus, Scoap, Stevens, and Wellscreek soils. Aits, Dehart, Scoap, Stevens, and Wellscreek soils are more than 100 cm in depth. Aits and Stevens soils are also coarse-loamy. Hartill and Oxerine soils have a mantle of volcanic ash 18 to 36 cm inches thick and are frigid. Huckleberry soils are medial over loamy-skeletal and have a cryic temperature regime. Maki soils are calcareous. Rufus soils are 25 to 50 cm deep to a lithic contact. Scoap soils are frigid.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; medium to very rapid runoff; moderate saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Used for grazable woodland. Native vegetation is ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir, with an understory of common snowberry, Saskatoon serviceberry, ceanothus, bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, arrowleaf balsamroot, lupine, pinegrass and lomatium.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Washington. The series is extensive. MLRA 43A.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Stevens County, Washington, 1978.

REMARKS Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon -from 4 to 27 cm (A, Bw horizons)
Vitrandic feature - from 4 to 27 cm (A, Bw horizons)
Lithic contact - at 80 cm (R horizon)
Particle size control section - from 29 to 80 cm (part of C1, C2, C3 horizons)

Raisio soils have a mesic temperature regime and a xeric moisture regime.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.