LOCATION RAKE UTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, active, mesic, shallow Petrocalcic Palexerolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Rake extremely stone loam, rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
A--0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) extremely stony loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common very fine roots; few fine and very fine discontinuous pores; slightly calcareous; disseminated lime; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); clear smooth boundary. (2 to 8 inches thick)
Bt--6 to 13 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very cobbly clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky, plastic; common fine and very fine roots; few fine and very fine discontinuous pores; common thin patchy clay films on faces of peds and in pores; moderately calcareous; some lime is disseminated but it is mainly in small irregular hard nodules; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick)
Bkm--13 to 32 inches; four distinct platy layers, 3 to 5 inches thick separated by 1/8 to 1/2 inch thickness of sandy loam soil. The surface of each layer has a troweled appearance. Laminae are about 1/8 inch thick; surface laminae are very pale brown (10YR 8/2) subjacent calcrete ranges from very pale brown (10YR 8/3) dry, to pink (7.5YR 8/4) dry; strongly indurated; roots have spread horizontally along the upper smooth surface, there are common very fine roots in this area; very strongly calcareous; gravel comprises about 50 percent of the calcrete matrix; clear wavy boundary (abrupt in some parts). (4 to 19 inches thick)
Ck--32 to 37 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/4) very stony sandy loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) moist; single grain; loose both dry and moist; nonsticky, nonplastic; very strongly calcareous; lime is disseminated and in hard irregular nodules. moderately alkaline (pH 8.1)
TYPE LOCATION: Utah County, Utah; about 1 1/2 miles south of Santaquin; 700 feet south and 1,100 feet west of the NE corner of sec. 14, T.10S., R.1 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Rake soils are as shallow as 12 inches and as deep as 20 inches over an indurated lime-cemented hardpan. The mollic epipedon is less than 20 inches thick. The solum contains 40 to 60 percent coarse fragments. The mean annual soil temperature ranges from 47 to 52 degrees F., and the average summer temperature ranges from 67 to 70 degrees F. The soils are not usually, dry, but are dry in the 7 to 20 inch section for more than 45 consecutive days. The soils are slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
The A horizon has value of 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 2 or 3.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5 dry, and chroma of 2 through 4. It is clay loam with less than 35 percent clay. This horizon ranges from slightly calcareous to moderately calcareous.
The Bkm horizon has several indurated layers 1 to 5 inches thick with roots between the layers.
The Ck horizon is sandy loam to loamy fine sand and has 50 to 70 percent rock fragments. Limestone bedrock occurs below the hardpan in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bingham and Picayune series. Both lack petrocalcic horizons and have less than 35 percent rock fragments in the Bt horizons. Picayune soils are 20 to 40 inches deep over limestone bedrock.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Rake soils are at elevations of 5,100 to 6,500 feet on west-facing steep and very steep (20 to 70 percent) mountain slopes. They formed in colluvium and local alluvium derived from limestone and minor amounts of quartzite. The climate is dry subhumid. Mean annual temperature is 45 to 47 F. Average summer temperature is 65 to 67 degrees F. Average annual precipitation is 15 to 18 inches. The frost-free period is 130 to 150 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Henefer, Picayune, and Pleasant Grove soils. They all lack petrocalcic horizons and Henefer and Picayune soils have less than 35 percent rock fragments in their control section. Henefer soils also have a fine textured B2t horizon. Picayune soils have a cambic horizon. Pleasant Grove soils lack an argillic horizon and have a mollic epipedon more than 20 inches thick.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium runoff; moderate permeability above the hardpan.
USE AND VEGETATION: Grazing land and watershed. Native vegetation is big sagebrush, yellowbrush, bluegrasses, wheatgrasses, bitterbrush, and serviceberry.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Along the Wasatch Front of north-central Utah. These soils are not extensive. MLRAs 28A and 47.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Phoenix, Arizona.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Utah County, Utah, 1972.
REMARKS: The active cation exchange activity class was added to the taxonomic classification in December 2002 based on soil property data. The remainder of this document has not been completely updated.
OSED scanned by NSSQA. Last revised by state 7/72.