LOCATION RAWE                    NV

Established Series
Rev. WMA/ELS/JVC/JBF
10/2019

RAWE SERIES

The Rawe series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from mixed rock sources. Rawe soils are on fan remnants. Slopes are 2 to 15 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 125 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 11 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey over loamy-skeletal, smectitic over mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Haplargids

TYPICAL PEDON: Rawe gravelly sandy loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted)

A--0 to 3 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) gravelly sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak thick platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and very fine vesicular pores; 25 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 13 cm thick)

Bt1--3 to 10 cm; brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/3) moist; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine interstitial pores; common faint clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; 10 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 10 cm thick)

Bt2--10 to 18 cm; brown (7.5YR 4/3) gravelly clay, brown (7.5YR 4/3) moist; strong fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; few medium and fine, common very fine roots; many fine and very fine tubular pores; common faint and distinct clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; common pressure faces; 20 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (5 to 25 cm thick)

Btk--18 to 25 cm; brown (7.5YR 4/3) gravelly clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; few medium and fine, common very fine roots; many fine and very fine tubular pores; common faint clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; 30 percent gravel; few fine secondary carbonate coats on rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 cm thick)

2Bk1--25 to 48 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few medium and fine, common very fine roots; common fine and very fine tubular pores; 55 percent gravel; common fine secondary carbonate coats on rock fragments; strongly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2); gradual wavy boundary. (20 to 38 cm thick)

2Bk2--48 to 152 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; very few very fine roots; many fine and very fine interstitial pores; 60 percent gravel; common fine secondary carbonate coats on rock fragments; strongly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.6).

TYPE LOCATION: Lyon County, Nevada; about one mile north of Mason; approximately 1,300 feet south and 1,500 feet east of the northwest corner of section 28, T. 13 N., R. 25 E.; USGS Yerington 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 38 degrees 57 minutes 54 seconds N and longitude 119 degrees 11 minutes 41 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 38.9650000 latitude, -119.1947222 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry, moist for short periods in winter and spring, dry during summer and fall; typic aridic moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 12 to 15 degrees C.
Depth to secondary carbonates: 18 to 30 cm.
Depth to base of argillic horizon and strongly contrasting horizons; 25 to 58 cm.
Other features: A strongly contrasting particle-size class is within a depth of 100 cm.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: Averages 40 to 50 percent in the upper part and 5 to 8 percent in the lower part.
Rock fragments: 5 to 25 percent in the upper part and 35 to 80 percent in the lower part, fragments are mainly gravel of mixed lithologies.

A horizon
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 1 through 3.
Rock fragments: 0 to 30 percent, mainly gravel.
Reaction: Neutral through moderately alkaline.
Other features: A desert pavement of gravel is common on the soil surface.

Bt and Btk horizons
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4.
Texture: Gravelly clay or clay.
Structure: Angular blocky, subangular blocky, or prismatic.
Reaction: Neutral to moderately alkaline.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: Less than 5 percent.
Sodicity (SAR): Less than 13.
Other features: Some pedons have thin subhorizons of clay loam or gravelly clay loam containing 37 to 40 percent clay.

2Bk horizons
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4.
Texture: Stratified very gravelly sandy loam to extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam, with lenses of very gravelly loamy sand in some pedons.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 10 percent.
Identifiable secondary carbonate: Present as coats on rock fragments.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline through very strongly alkaline.

COMPETING SERIES: There are currently no other series in this family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Rawe soils are on fan remnants. They formed in alluvium derived from mixed rock sources. Slopes are 2 to 15 percent. Elevations range from 1,340 to 1,730 meters. The climate is arid with cool, moist winters and hot, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 100 to 150 mm, the mean annual temperature is 10 to 12 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 100 to 130 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Delp, Isolde, Pizene, and Sutcliff soils. Delp soils are coarse-loamy, have an argillic horizon composed of lamellae, and occur on stable dunes. Isolde soils are sandy, have an ochric epipedon, and occur on stable dunes. Pizene soils are fine-loamy, have natric horizons, and occur on adjacent fan remnants. Sutcliff soils are loamy-skeletal, deep to a duripan, and occur on adjacent fan remnants.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; slow permeability in the subsoil; moderately low saturated hydraulic conductivity and moderately rapid permeability; high saturated hydraulic conductivity in the strongly contrasting substratum.

USE AND VEGETATION: Rawe soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is shadscale, bud sagebrush, Bailey's greasewood, Indian ricegrass, and scattered spiny hopsage.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western and northern Nevada. These soils are moderately extensive. They occur dominantly in MLRA 27, but have also been mapped in MLRAs 24, 25, and 26.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Douglas County Area, Nevada, 1981.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 3 cm (A horizon).
Argillic horizon - The zone from 3 to 25 cm (Bt1, Bt2, and Btk horizons).
Identifiable secondary carbonates - The zone from 18 to 152 cm (Btk, 2Bk1, and 2Bk2 horizons).
Major lithologic discontinuity - The abrupt change to loamy-skeletal material at 25 cm (between the Btk and 2Bk1 horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 3 to 100 cm (Bt1, Bt2, Btk, and 2Bk1 horizons and the upper part of the 2Bk2 horizon).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.