LOCATION RAYPOL CT+MA NY RIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, active, acid, mesic Aeric Endoaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Raypol silt loam - grass field, 2 percent slope. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak medium granular structure; friable; common very fine, fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary (6 to 10 inches thick)
Bg1--8 to 12 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine, fine and medium roots; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bg2--12 to 20 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw1--20 to 26 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw2--26 to 29 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) very fine sandy loam; massive; friable; 5 percent gravel; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation and common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the B horizons is 12 to 32 inches)
2C1--29 to 52 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) gravelly sand; single grain; loose; 25 percent gravel; few medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid.
2C2--52 to 65 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) very gravelly sand; single grain; loose; 35 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; few medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: New Haven County, Connecticut; town of Orange, 0.4 mile north of the Derby-Milford Road and the Wilbur Cross Parkway overpass, 800 feet east of Derby-Milford Road near the edge of a field. USGS Ansonia topographic quadrangle; latitude 41 degrees 16 minutes 56 seconds N., longitude 73 degrees 02 minutes 56 seconds W., NAD 27
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 18 to 36 inches. Depth to the contrasting substratum ranges from 18 to 40 inches. Rock fragments range from 0 to 10 percent in the solum and from 0 to 60 percent in individual layers of the substratum. Typically, 70 percent or more of the rock fragments are rounded pebbles. Unless limed, the soil is very strongly acid or strongly acid above a depth of 40 inches and very strongly acid to slightly acid below 40 inches.
The Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 to 4 and chroma of 2 or 3. Undisturbed pedons have a 3 to 8 inch thick A horizon with value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. The Ap or A horizon is silt loam, very fine sandy loam or loam. It has weak or moderate granular structure and is friable or very friable.
The B horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 1 to 4. Chroma of 3 and 4 is limited to subhorizons and chroma of 1 or 2 is in some subhorizon within a 20 inch depth. Texture is silt loam, very fine sandy loam or loam. Structure is weak subangular blocky or the horizon is massive. Consistency is friable or very friable and nonsticky or slightly sticky.
The 2C horizon has hue of 5YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 1 to 4. Texture of individual layers ranges from loamy fine sand to coarse sand in the fine earth.
Some pedons have a thin C or BC horizon that is silt loam, very fine sandy loam, loam or fine sandy loam.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series currently in the same family.
The Fredon, Halsey, Lamson, Leicester, Massena, Newstead, Ninigret, Norwell, Raynham, Red Hook, Ridgebury, Stissing, Sun, Tisbury and Walpole series are similar soils in related families. Fredon soils are nonacid. Halsey soils are nonacid and lack a subhorizon with chroma of 3 or more within a 30 inch depth. Lamson, Massena, Newstead, Red Hook, Ridgebury and Sun soils are nonacid and coarse-loamy. Leicester and Stissing soils are coarse-loamy and Stissing soils have a dense substratum. Ninigret and Tisbury soils have matrix chroma of 3 or more in the B horizon to a depth of 20 inches. Norwell and Walpole soils have a sandy particle-size control section. In addition, Norwell soils have a dense substratum. Raynham soils are nonacid and coarse-silty.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Raypol soils are nearly level to gently sloping soils in drainageways and low-lying areas on terraces and plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent. The soils formed in loamy over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial materials derived mainly from acid cystalline and sedimentary rocks. Mean annual temperature is 45 to 54 degrees F., mean annual precipitation is 37 to 50 inches and the growing season is 130 to 195 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Agawam, Branford, Deerfield, Ellington, Enfield, Hartford, Haven, Hinckley, Leicester, Manchester, Merrimac, Ninigret, Occum, Pootatuck, Raynham, Ridgebury, Rippowam, Stissing, Sudbury, Tisbury, Walpole, and Windsor soils on nearby landscapes. The well drained Enfield and Haven soils and the moderately well drained Tisbury soils are common drainage associates. Agawam, Branford and Ellington soils are better drained loamy over sandy and gravelly soils. Deerfield, Hartford, Hinckley, Manchester, Merrimac, Sudbury and Windsor soils are moderately well drained to excessively drained coarse- textured soils on nearby glaciofluvial landforms. Occum, Pootatuck and Rippowam soils are on flood plains.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. Surface runoff is slow. Permeability is moderate in the solum and rapid or very rapid in the coarse-textured substratum. Raypol soils have a watertable at or near the surface much of the year.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are wooded. Cleared areas are used for hay and pasture. Drained areas are used for silage corn, hay or vegetables. Common trees are red maple, white oak, white ash, aspen, elm, white pine and hemlock.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Glaciofluvial landforms in Connecticut, Rhode Island and New York; MLRAs 140, 144A and 145. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts
SERIES ESTABLISHED: New Haven County, Connecticut, 1976.
REMARKS: This revision reflects change in taxonomy from Aeric Haplaquepts and general updating. Cation exchange activity class placement determined from a review of limited lab data and similar or associated soils.
The horizons and features diagnostic for the typical pedon are:
1. Ochric epipedon from 0 to 8 inches (Ap horizon).
2. Cambic horizon from 8 to 29 inches (Bg and Bw horizons).
3. Aquic moisture regime as indicated by dominant chroma of 2 in the Bg horizon but with chroma too high within 30 inches (chroma 4 in the Bw horizon) to qualify for Typic Endoaquepts.
4. Endoaquepts subgroup based on saturation in all layers from the upper boundary of saturation to a depth of 200 cm. from the mineral soil surface.
5. Aeric great group based on matrix color and chroma of 3 or more in one subhorizon between the Ap and 75 cm. (Bw2).
6. Particle-size class: control section from 10 to 40 inches that is coarse-loamy from 10 to 29 inches and contrasting sandy or sandy-skeletal from 29 to 60 inches.
7. Acid reaction class and mesic temperature regime.