LOCATION REDEYE MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Arenic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Redeye loamy sand with a 7 percent convex slope on a glacial drumlin under mixed hardwood and conifer vegetation. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 3 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; very friable; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 8 inches thick)
E--3 to 18 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; about 1 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 18 inches thick)
Bw--18 to 26 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 32 inches thick)
2Bt1--26 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure; friable; common pale brown (10YR 6/3) clean sand coatings on faces of peds; common faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; about 3 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt2--38 to 52 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak coarse platy structure parting to moderate coarse subangular blocky; firm; common faint dark brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; slightly acid; about 3 percent gravel; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt is 12 to 36 inches thick)
2Cd--52 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dense till crushing to sandy loam; massive, moderate coarse platy soil fragments; very firm; about 3 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Wadena County, Minnesota; about 7 miles east and 1/2 mile south of the city of Menahga; 250 feet south and 25 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 23, T. 138 N., R. 34 W.; USGS Huntersville quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 45 minutes 38 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 57 minutes 15 seconds W.; NAD27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The sandy mantle ranges from 20 to 40 inches thick. Depth to a densic contact is 40 to 60 inches. Depth to free carbonates is 40 to 60 inches or more. These soils typically have 0 to 15 percent rock fragments in the upper part and 2 to 20 percent in the lower part. Content of rock fragments is higher in thin stone lines. Rock fragments are of mixed lithology. The soil moisture control section is not dry in all parts for 20 to 35 consecutive days during the 120 days following the summer solstice.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sand or sand. It is strongly acid to neutral.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sand or fine sand. It is strongly acid to slightly acid. Some pedons have EB, E/B, B/E, or BE horizons.
The Bw horizon has value and chroma of 3 to 6. It is sand, loamy sand, or their gravelly and cobbly analogues. It is strongly acid to slightly acid.
The 2Bt horizon has value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is sandy loam, loam, or gravelly sandy loam. Some subhorizons are sandy clay loam or clay loam. The particle size control section typically averages 6 to 14 percent clay but ranges from 5 to 18 percent and 65 to 75 percent sand. It has common or many, faint or distinct, clay films on the faces of peds or in pores. Some pedons have Fe depletions at depths greater than 10 inches below the upper boundary of the 2Bt horizon. It is strongly acid to neutral. Some pedons have 2BC horizons. The bulk density of the 2Bt horizon ranges from 1.65 to 1.8 gm/cc.
The 2Cd horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 or 5. It typically is sandy loam, loamy sand or their gravelly analogues. It is neutral to moderately alkaline. Some pedons have pockets or wedges of sandy or gravelly material in the 2B and 2C horizons. The bulk density ranges from 1.8 to 2.0 gm/cc. It is considered to be a densic contact.
COMPETING SERIES: These are Akeley, Andrusia, Braham, Captom, Cutaway, DeMontreville, Escanaba, Haskill, Leaflake, and Pomroy series. Akeley soils have 40 to 60 inches of outwash over glacial lacustrine deposits. Andrusia soils have friable argillic horizons with bulk density less than 1.65 gm/cc and sandy C horizons. Braham, Cutaway, and Leaflake soils have C horizons with bulk density less than 1.80 gm/cc. Captom soils are dry in the soil moisture control section for more than 35 consecutive days during the 120 days following the summer solstice. DeMontreville, Escanaba, and Pomroy soils have hues 7.5YR or redder in the argillic horizons and substratums. Haskill soils are underlain by sandy textures within a depth of 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Redeye soils are nearly level to strongly sloping and have plane or slightly convex slopes on glacial drumlins and moraines. They formed in sandy outwash overlying dense sandy loam glacial till. Slopes range from 1 to 18 percent. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 37 to 45 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 22 to 33 inches. Frost-free days range from 90 to 172. Elevation above sea level ranges from 670 to 1600 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Huntersville, Menahga, Nymore, and Roscommon soils. Moderately well drained Huntersville soils are on concave and plane surfaces on lower lying landscapes. Very poorly drained and poorly drained Roscommon soils are in the depression and interdrumlin areas. Excessively drained Menahga and Nymore soils are sandy throughout the profile and occupy similar positions. Organic soils in depressions and interdrumlin areas are also associated in many places.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is moderately low or moderately high. Permeability is rapid in the sandy upper part and slow or very slow in the dense till. These soils have a zone of saturation above the dense glacial till for short periods during the wet season.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are forested. Quaking aspen, white oak, red pine, and jack pine are the main tree species. Some areas of this soil are cleared and used for growing hay, small grain, corn silage, and pasture.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North-central Minnesota. Small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Todd County, Minnesota, 1985.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 8 inches (A and E horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from 26 to 52 inches (2Bt horizon); base saturation is greater than 60 percent; udic moisture regime; arenic subgroup - no texture finer than loamy fine sand in upper 20 inches; the 2Cd horizon is considered to be a densic contact.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record numbers are: MN0494, acid substratum phase MN0613.