LOCATION REDRIM WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Entic Lithic Haplorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Redrim very cobbly sand, on a convex, north-facing slope of 5 percent, in a forested area, at an elevation of 630 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oe--0 to 1 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) moderately decomposed plant material; about 80 percent fiber and 25 percent rubbed; weak medium platy structure; very friable; many very fine to medium roots and common coarse roots; extremely acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 2 inches thick)
Oa--1 to 3 inches; black (5YR 2.5/1) highly decomposed plant material; about 25 percent fiber and less than 5 percent rubbed; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many very fine to medium roots and common coarse roots; extremely acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 3 inches thick)
E--3 to 11 inches; pinkish gray (5YR 6/2) very cobbly sand, pinkish gray (5YR 7/2) dry; single grain; loose; many fine and medium, and common coarse roots; 7 percent gravel, 35 percent cobbles, and 3 percent stones; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (5 to 11 inches thick)
Bs--11 to 18 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) very cobbly loamy sand; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; 10 percent gravel, 35 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)
2R--18 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandstone bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Bayfield County, Wisconsin; about 7.5 miles north and 3.5 miles west of Red Cliff; 330 feet north and 500 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 22, T. 52 N., R. 4 W.; USGS York Island topographic quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 57 minutes 45 seconds N. and long. 90 degrees 51 minutes 39 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: (Unless otherwise stated, thickness and depth are measured from the top of the mineral soil.) Thickness of the sandy-skeletal mantle and depth to a lithic contact with sandstone bedrock ranges from 10 to 20 inches. Typically, rock fragments are mostly rounded sandstone fragments but in some pedons, they are mostly angular sandstone fragments. Some rounded igneous and metamorphic gravel and cobbles are present in most pedons. Volume of rock fragments averages 35 to 90 percent in the family control section. Volume of gravel or channers ranges from 5 to 50 percent. Volume of cobbles or flags ranges from 10 to 40 percent. Volume of stones ranges from 0 to 10 percent. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to strongly acid, throughout.
The O horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR or is neutral, value is 2 or 3, and chroma is 0 to 2. The O horizon is a mat of partially decomposed forest litter.
Some pedons have an A horizon with hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is typically the gravelly, very gravelly, cobbly, or very cobbly analogs of sand or loamy sand but in some pedons it is the channery, very channery, flaggy, or very flaggy analogs of sand or loamy sand.
The E horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is like those for the A horizon described above.
The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, and value and chroma of 3 or 4. (Value and chroma of 3 do not occur together.) Texture is like the A horizon described above.
The 2R horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, and value of 4 or 5.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Redrim soils are on sandstone bedrock uplands along Lake Superior. Slope gradients range from 0 to 6 percent. These soils formed in sandy-skeletal beach deposits or residuum from sandstone or both. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 33 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 39 to 45 degrees F. The frost-free period ranges from about 90 to 120 days. Elevation ranges from 600 to 1000 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Abbaye, Brownstone, Deerton, and Lapoin soils. All of these soils are in landscape positions similar to those of Redrim soils. Abbaye soils have a loamy mantle 20 to 40 inches thick over sandstone. Brownstone soils have a sandy-skeletal mantle 20 to 40 inches thick over sandstone. Deerton soils have a sandy mantle 20 to 40 inches thick over sandstone. Lapoin soils have a loamy and clayey mantle 20 to 40 inches thick over sandstone. Rock outcrops and bedrock escarpments are also commonly associated with Redrim soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Excessively drained. Surface runoff is slow or medium. Permeability is rapid in the sandy skeletal deposits and moderately slow or moderate in the sandstone.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used primarily for woodland. Most areas are forested with red maple, paper birch, yellow birch, bigtooth aspen, balsam fir, eastern hemlock and northern white cedar.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Wisconsin along Lake Superior. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-4 (Duluth, Minnesota).
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Bayfield County, Wisconsin, 2004. The name is coined.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon--3 to 11 inches (E);
albic horizon--3 to 11 inches (E);
spodic horizon--11 to 18 inches (Bs);
entic feature--spodic horizon more than 10 cm thick with texture of fine sand or coarser and with no Bhs horizon;
lithic feature--hard sandstone at 18 inches (2R).
Only series status, responsibility, and scrivener's errors changed - 4/09.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record - WI0502