LOCATION REIS MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic Calciaquerts
TYPICAL PEDON: Reis clay, on a west facing, convex, 0.5 percent slope in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 867 feet MSL. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay; dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; few fine prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) redoximorphic depletions; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; many fine roots; common fine rounded light gray (10YR 7/2) masses of carbonate; 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (7 to 14 inches thick)
A/Bk--9 to 17 inches; about 60 percent very dark gray (10YR 3/1) occurring as tongues (A) and 40 percent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) (Bk) clay; 60 percent dark gray (10YR 4/1) (A), and 40 percent pale yellow (2.5Y 8/2) (Bk) dry; common fine and medium faint dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) redoximorphic depletions; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; friable; many fine roots; 2 percent gravel; common fine irregularly shaped light gray (2.5Y 7/2) masses of carbonate; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
Bkss1--17 to 24 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; common fine faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) redoximorphic depletions and many fine and medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; weak and moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak very fine subangular blocky; friable; common fine roots; few distinct intersecting slickensides tilting less than 45 degrees from horizontal; cracks filled with A material 1/4 to 3 inches wide and 2 to 4 feet apart; few prominent very dark gray (10YR 3/1) patchy organic coats on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; 2 percent gravel; common fine irregularly shaped light gray (2.5Y 7/2) threads of carbonate; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Bkss2--24 to 33 inches; 60 percent olive gray (5Y 4/2), and 40 percent olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) dry; common fine prominent brown (7.5YR 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; weak and moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak very fine subangular blocky; friable; few fine roots between peds; few distinct intersecting slickensides tilting less than 60 degrees from horizontal; cracks filled with A material 1/4 to 2 inches wide and 2 to 4 feet apart; very few prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) patchy manganese or iron-manganese stains on vertical faces of peds; common fine irregularly shaped light gray (2.5Y 7/2) threads of carbonate; 5 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined Bkss horizons 12 to 30 inches thick)
Bkg--33 to 42 inches; 60 percent olive gray (5Y 4/2), and 40 percent olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) clay; common fine prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; strong medium angular blocky structure parting to moderate very fine subangular blocky; firm; very few prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) patchy manganese or iron-manganese stains on vertical faces of peds; few fine irregularly shaped light gray (2.5Y 7/2) threads of carbonate; 3 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
Cg1--42 to 60 inches; 60 percent olive gray (5Y 4/2), and 40 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay; common fine prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; strong medium prismatic soil fragments parting to moderate fine angular blocky; firm; very few prominent reddish brown (5YR 5/4) and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) patchy iron-manganese stains on vertical faces of soil fragments; common fine irregular light gray (2.5Y 7/2) threads of carbonate; 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Cg2--60 to 72 inches; olive (5Y 4/3) clay; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations and faint olive gray (5Y 4/2) redoximorphic depletions; strong medium prismatic soil fragments parting to moderate fine angular blocky; firm; very few prominent dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) discontinuous iron-manganese stains on vertical and horizontal faces of soil fragments; few medium cylindrical nests of gypsum; common fine irregular shaped light gray (2.5Y 7/2) threads of carbonate; 4 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
C--72 to 82 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations and common fine distinct gray (5Y 5/1) redoximorphic depletions; strong coarse prismatic soil fragments parting to moderate fine and medium angular blocky; firm; dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) manganese or iron-manganese stains on faces of soil fragments; very few light gray (2.5Y 7/2) discontinuous carbonate coats on vertical and horizontal faces of soil fragments; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Polk County, Minnesota; about 2.5 miles south and 5 miles east of Climax; 1270 feet west and 190 feet north of the southeast corner of Sec.1, T. 147 N., R.48 W.; USGS BELTRAMI SW quadrangle; Latitude 32 degrees 34 minutes 19 seconds N. and Longitude 96 degrees 42 minutes 52 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the mollic epipedon ranges from 7 to 18 inches and can include part of the A/Bk horizon. Depth to the calcic is 16 inches or less with carbonates at the surface in most pedons. The content of rock fragments ranges from 1 to 10 percent throughout. The 10 to 40 inch particle-size control section ranges from 35 to 60 percent noncarbonate clay with an average of 50 percent noncarbonate clay and 5 to 20 percent sand.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y or is neutral, value of 2 to 3, chroma of 0 to 2. Typically it is clay or silty clay, and less commonly clay loam, silty clay loam, or sandy clay loam. It ranges from 30 to 60 percent noncarbonate clay and 3 to 15 percent sand. Effervescence is slight to violent. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. In some pedons cracks filled with A material extend to depths of 40 inches.
The Bkss and Bkg horizons have hue of 5Y, 2.5Y or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2, Chroma of 2 is allowed if there are redoximorphic concentrations present. Texture is clay or silty clay. Effervescence is strong or violent. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
Some pedons have Bg horizons.
The Cg horizon has hue of 5Y, 2.5Y or 5GY, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2, with mixings or masses of chroma of 3 to 5. There are distinct or prominent redoximorphic concentrations present. Texture is clay or silty clay. Effervescence is slight to strong. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
The C horizon has hue of 5Y or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 5. There are distinct or prominent redoximorphic concentrations present. Texture is clay or silty clay. Effervescence is slight to strong. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Some pedons do not have masses of gypsum crystals. Some pedons have clay loam till within a depth of 36 inches.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Hegne series. Hegne soils have less than 5 percent sand in the 10 to 40 inch particle size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Reis soils are on flat or slightly convex slopes of 2 percent or less on lake plains. These soils on the higher lying positions of microrelief topography. These soils formed in clayey, calcareous glacial till of Late Wisconsinan age. Some areas have a thin mantle of lacustrine sediments. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 36 to 42 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 18 to 23 inches with 80 to 85 percent accumulating in April to October. Frost-free days range from 90 to 140. Elevation ranges from 750 to 1150 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the poorly drained Clearwater and Viking soils that are formed in clayey glacial till. The Reis soils are usually found in complex with these associated soils on slightly higher, slightly convex rises. Clearwater and Viking soils do not have a calcic horizon within 16 inches of the surface.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. Runoff is low or medium. Permeability is slow. Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table in undrained condition is as high as 0.5 to 1.5 feet at some time between April and June in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Nearly all of these soils are cultivated. Principal crops are small grains and sugar beets. Native vegetation is tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Principally in the Red River Valley of Northwestern Minnesota. This series is moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Marshall County, Minnesota 1994.
REMARKS: This series was previously included within the Hegne series. The classification of this series is in question as to whether it should be in the Typic or Aeric subgroup of Calciaquerts. This needs further study.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon: mollic epipedon - from 0 to 17 inches, (Ap horizon and A portion of the A/Bk horizon); calcic horizon - 9 to 42 inches, (A/Bk, Bkss1, Bkss2 and Bkg horizons); Vertisol criteria - cracks filled with A material extend to 33 inches and range in width from 1/2 to 3 inches and slickensides (Bkss1 and Bkss2 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to MN. Agr. Exp. Sta. CFC No. 3731 for results of analysis of a representative pedon. Interpretation Record: MN0739