LOCATION REND                    IL

Established Series
Revised BCF-DEP-TJE
09/2022

REND SERIES

The Rend series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils on structural benches. They formed in loess and the underlying silty or loamy deposits. Slope ranges from 2 to 10 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1067 millimeters (42 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 13 degrees C (55 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, mesic Fragic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Rend silt loam, on a linear, 6 percent backslope in a grass field at an elevation of about 128 meters (420 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 13 centimeters (0 to 5 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine angular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; many fine roots throughout; few fine spherical iron-manganese concretions; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [10 to 20 centimeters (4 to 8 inches) thick]

Bt1--13 to 38 centimeters (5 to 15 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to strong fine subangular blocky; firm; common fine roots between peds; common distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few fine spherical iron-manganese concretions; about 5 percent sand; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt2--38 to 61 centimeters (15 to 24 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; strong medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots between peds; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few fine spherical iron-manganese concretions; about 5 percent sand; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

2Btx1--61 to 102 centimeters (24 to 40 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; firm; few very fine roots between prisms; few prominent gray (10YR 6/1) silt coatings on faces of peds; few distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron and common fine and medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine spherical iron-manganese concretions; about 20 percent sand; brittle; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Btx2--102 to 127 centimeters (40 to 50 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; firm; few very fine roots between prisms; few prominent gray (10YR 6/1) silt coatings on faces of prisms; few distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common fine and medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; common fine spherical iron-manganese masses; about 20 percent sand; brittle; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Btx3--127 to 155 centimeters (50 to 61 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure; firm; few distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; many fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron; few prominent black (2.5Y 2.5/1) iron-manganese stains on prisms; common fine and medium spherical iron-manganese masses; about 20 percent sand; brittle; slightly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Franklin County, Illinois; about 0.4 kilometers (one-quarter mile) northwest of maintenance office of Wayne Fitzgerrell State Park; 710 feet south and 320 feet west of the northeast corner of section 14, T. 5 S., R. 2 E.

USGS topographic quadrangle--Rend Lake Dam, Illinois
Latitude 38.0947326
Longitude -88.9507664
Datum--WGS84
Coordinate source--estimated from GIS layer

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to horizon with fragic soil properties--41 to 102 centimeters (16 to 40 inches)
Particle-size control section--averages 27 to 35 percent clay

Ap horizon--
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silt loam, but includes silty clay loam in some eroded pedons
Sand content--2 to 10 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 1 percent
Reaction--extremely acid to moderately acid, pedons that have been limed can range to neutral

E horizon, where present--
Thickness--5 to 15 centimeters (2 to 6 inches)
Texture--silt loam
Sand content--2 to 10 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 1 percent
Reaction--extremely acid to moderately acid

Bt horizon--
Hue--10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Sand content--2 to 10 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 1 percent
Reaction--very strongly acid or strongly acid

Bx, 2Bx, or 2Btx horizon--
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 to 8
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Structure--primary structure is coarse prismatic
Ped surface features--groups of prisms are separated or surrounded by cracks filled with silt or silt loam that has greater color than the interior of the prisms
Clay content--20 to 30 percent
Sand content--15 to 45 percent
Rock fragment content--1 to 14 percent
Reaction--very strongly acid to slightly acid

2Bt or 3Bt horizon, where present within 200 centimeters--
Hue--7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 to 6
Texture--loam, silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam
Clay content--18 to 35 percent
Sand content--15 to 45 percent
Rock fragment content--1 to 14 percent
Reaction--very strongly acid to slightly acid

COMPETING SERIES:
Weddel soils have overlapping soil properties within the series control section. They are on till plains of Illinoian age at elevations greater than 139 meters.
Wrengart soils have more than 14 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Rend soils are on treads and risers of structural benches that are mainly adjacent to tributaries of the Mississippi River. Slope ranges from 2 to 10 percent. Rend soils form in 41 to 102 centimeters (16 to 40 inches) of loess (Peoria Loess) and in the underlying 76 to 152 centimeters (30 to 60 inches) of other silty or loamy deposits thought to be pedisediment or locally reworked A horizon of paleosols and early Wisconsin loess (Roxana Silt). This underlying material often contains a few igneous pebbles or coarse fragments from local bedrock deposited as glacial drift.

Mean annual precipitation--1016 to 1143 millimeters (40 to 45 inches)
Mean annual temperature--12 to 14 degrees C (54 to 57 degrees F)
Frost-free period--190 to 225 days
Elevation--116 to 139 meters (382 to 456 feet) above mean sea level

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are the bench phases of the somewhat poorly drained Bluford soils and the poorly drained Cisne and Wynoose soils. These soils are below the Rend soils on treads but are on higher positions where the Rend soils are on risers.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained
Water table--depth to the top of a perched seasonal high water table ranges from 61 to 107 centimeters (2 feet to 3.5 feet) between January and May in normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class--moderately high in the upper part and low in the lower part
Permeability class--moderate in the upper part and very slow in the lower part

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are used to grow corn, grain sorghum, soybeans, wheat and pasture. Native vegetation is deciduous forest consisting mainly of oaks and hickory.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
MLRAs 113 and 114 in southern Illinois. The series is moderately extensive.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Franklin County, Illinois, 1993

REMARKS:
Rend soils are underlain by valley fill materials believed to consist of a Sangamon-age paleosol formed in outwash or ablation till from the Pearl Formation and Teneriffe Silt.

Typical Pedon Taxonomic Features--
Ochric epipedon--from the surface to a depth of 13 centimeters (Ap horizon)
Argillic horizon--from a depth of 13 to 155 centimeters (Bt and 2Btx horizons)
Fragic soil properties--coarse structure and brittleness from a depth of 61 to 155 centimeters (2Btx horizon).

Taxonomic Version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014

---

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.